Automotive Antenna Design and Applications

By: Basim Alkhateeb, Victor Rabinovich, Nikolai Alexandrov

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Hardcover | 18 March 2010 | Edition Number 1

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Hardcover
332 Pages

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24.3 x 16.3 x 2.2

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The steady evolution of wireless communication technologies continues to pave the way for the implementation of innovative services and devices in modern vehicles. These include analog and digital audio broadcasting radio, satellite radio, GPS, cell phones, and short range communication devices. Such applications require the use multiple antennas operating in different frequency ranges.

Automotive Antenna Design and Applications thoroughly examines traditional and new advanced automotive antennas, including the principles, designs, and techniques used to reduce antenna dimensions without significant degradation of communication quality. The contents of this book are based on cutting-edge data collected from numerous technical papers, patents, and patent applications. It presents an overview of many commercially available automotive antennas and covers features that have become standard in automotive applications, such as printed-on car glass antennas, reduced-size helical antennas, multiband compact, printed-on dielectric and patch designs in a single package.

Includes simulation examples of antenna parameters that significantly speed up the design process using software packages such as FEKO, NEC, IE3D, and Genesys

Highlighting the practical aspects of antenna design, the authors present passive and active designs and describe the entire design process, including antenna simulation, prototype sample fabrication, and laboratory test measurements. The book also covers the production adjustments that can result from the demands of the real car environment. The presentation of numerous examples of passive and active automotive antennas greatly enhances this reference's value to professionals, students, and anyone else working in the ever-evolving field of antenna design and application.

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Transport Technology & Trades Automotive Technology & Trades Electronics & Communications Engineering Communications Engineering & Telecommunications WAP & Wireless Technology Technology in General Engineering in General Energy Technology & Engineering Electrical Engineering Electronics Engineering

Microwave Technology Mechanical Engineering & Materials Mechanical Engineering Environmental Science Technical Design

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Lead Author	p. xv
List of Abbreviations	p. xvii
Automotive Antennas Overview: Patents, Papers, and Products	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
AM/FM Antenna Systems	p. 3
AM/FM Broadcasting Frequency Range	p. 3
Printed-on-Glass Antennas	p. 3
Short Mast Helical Roof Antennas	p. 5
Cellular Phone Antennas	p. 6
Car TV Antennas	p. 8
Terrestrial Systems	p. 8
Satellite TV Antennas	p. 8
Internet TV in Vehicles	p. 9
Satellite Radio Antennas	p. 10
GPS Antenna Systems	p. 11
Antennas for Short Range Communications	p. 12
Introduction	p. 12
Remote Start Engine and Remote Keyless Entry Antennas	p. 13
Tire Pressure Sensors	p. 15
Electronic Toll Collection Systems	p. 16
Thin Film Antennas	p. 18
Digital Audio Broadcasting Design	p. 19
Automotive Radar Antenna Systems	p. 20
Antenna Packaging Issues	p. 21
Summary	p. 22
References	p. 23
Basic Antenna Parameters and Definitions	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Far Zone and Radiation Pattern	p. 27
Polarization and Radiation Pattern Measurements	p. 29
Directivity, Gain, Average Gain, and Antenna Beamwidth	p. 31
Impedance, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, Bandwidth, and Quality Factor	p. 34
Impedance Matching Between Antenna and Car Receiver	p. 36
Electrically Small Antennas	p. 36
Radio Frequency Cables and Connectors	p. 37
Notes on Decibels	p. 39
Converting Field Strength to Power	p. 40
References	p. 41
Active and Diversity Receiving Antenna Systems	p. 43
Introduction	p. 43
Signal and Noise Analysis of Active Antenna	p. 44
Signal-to-Noise Ratio	p. 44
Antenna Noise Temperature	p. 47
Low Noise Amplifier Parameters	p. 48
Introduction	p. 48
S Parameters	p. 48
Stability Analysis	p. 49
Amplifier Gain	p. 49
Matching for Maximum Amplifier Gain	p. 51
Noise Matching Design	p. 52
Output Gain Matching for Noise Matched LNA	p. 53
Low Noise Amplifier Distortion Parameters	p. 53
Measurement Set-Up to Estimate Third-Order Intermodulation Distortions	p. 54
Active Antenna Gain	p. 55
Low Noise Amplifiers for Electrically Small Antennas	p. 56
Diversity Techniques	p. 56
References	p. 60
Audio Broadcasting Antennas	p. 63
AM/FM Whip Antenna	p. 63
Printed-on-Glass AM/FM Antennas	p. 64
Introduction	p. 64
Rear Glass Systems	p. 65
Side Glass Systems	p. 65
Front (Windshield) Systems	p. 65
Diversity Window Antennas	p. 65
Passive Windshield Antennas	p. 66
FM Frequency Range	p. 66
AM Frequency Range	p. 69
Simulation Results	p. 73
Side Glass Antenna Pattern Example	p. 75
Amplifier Circuit for AM/FM Antenna System	p. 76
Amplifier with High Input Impedance	p. 83
Short Roof AM/FM Antenna	p. 84
Helix Antenna Radiation Modes	p. 84
Helix Antenna for FM Frequency Band	p. 86
Short Meander Antenna	p. 87
Diversity FM Antennas	p. 89
Two Antenna Diversity Elements	p. 89
Single Reconfigurable Antenna Element for Space Diversity Applications	p. 91
Correlation Signal Analysis for Car Roof Spaced Antennas	p. 92
Antennas for Digital Audio Broadcasting	p. 93
L Band Antenna Geometry	p. 93
Radiation Pattern Measurements for L Band Antenna	p. 97
Antennas for Band III	p. 99
References	p. 103
Cellular Antennas	p. 107
Single Band Monopole on Roof	p. 107
Glass Mounted Monopole	p. 113
Dual-Band Monopole	p. 114
Helix	p. 116
Single Band Simulation Results	p. 116
Dual-Band Helix	p. 118
Compact Printed Circuit Board Antennas	p. 120
Single Band Meander Line Design	p. 120
Dual-Band Combined Design	p. 123
Tri-Band Design	p. 124
CPW-Fed Multiband Design	p. 124
Planar Inverted F Antenna	p. 128
Hidden Printed Dipole	p. 131
Printed-on-Glass Design	p. 131
Antenova Series	p. 131
Dual-Band Inverted F Design	p. 134
Rear View Mirror Mount	p. 135
Bumper Installation	p. 137
Combined FM/PCS Design	p. 138
Integrated AM/FM/AMPS/PCS Design	p. 140
Integrated PCS/RKE Design	p. 140
Cellular Diversity Systems	p. 142
Spatial, Polarization, and Pattern Diversity	p. 142
Monopoles for Diversity Reception	p. 145
Switched Parasitic Elements for Diversity Design	p. 146
References	p. 148
TV Antennas for Cars	p. 151
Satellite TV Antennas	p. 151
Satellite TV System Requirements	p. 151
Ridged Waveguide Antenna Array	p. 152
Electronic Beam-Controlled Phase Array	p. 153
G/T Estimation	p. 155
Antennas for Digital Terrestrial TV	p. 157
Introduction	p. 157
H-Shaped Glass Configuration	p. 158
Simple Meander Window Glass Design	p. 164
Printed-on-Glass Patent Examples	p. 166
Bumper Diversity System	p. 169
Compact Mast Monopole	p. 171
References	p. 172
Satellite Radio Antennas	p. 175
Basic Passive Antenna Requirements	p. 175
Parameters for Sirius Service (2320 to 2332.5 MHz)	p. 175
Parameters for XM Service (2332.5 to 2345 MHz)	p. 175
System With Two Antenna Elements	p. 175
System With Single Patch Antenna Element	p. 177
Simplified Engineering Formulas for Rectangular Passive Patch Parameters	p. 178
Geometry Dimensions for Linear Polarization	p. 178
Circular Polarization Geometry	p. 179
Performances of Passive Antenna Elements	p. 181
Circular Polarization Design Guidelines	p. 182
Simulated Example of SDARS Patch	p. 183
Commercially Available Passive Elements	p. 185
Vertical Polarization Gain of Patch Antenna at Horizon Angle Direction	p. 186
Ground Size Effects	p. 187
On-Vehicle Antenna Location	p. 189
Compact Dual-Polarized Antenna	p. 191
Low Profile Cross Slot Antenna for SDARS Application	p. 196
Glass Mount System	p. 197
XM Truck Antenna	p. 199
Active Design	p. 199
Antenna Amplifier Requirements	p. 199
Amplifier Simulation Results	p. 202
Commercially Available Modules	p. 203
SDARS Parameter Measurements	p. 204
Gain and Radiation Pattern Measurements in Anechoic Chamber	p. 204
Gain and Radiation Pattern Measurements of Antenna Mounted on Car	p. 205
SDARS Antenna Noise Temperature	p. 206
Diversity Circuits	p. 207
References	p. 210
GPS Antennas	p. 213
Typical GPS Antenna Parameters	p. 213
Patch Parameters and Ground Plane Size	p. 214
On-Vehicle GPS Antenna Measurements	p. 216
Circular Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna	p. 218
Dual-Band GPS Antenna	p. 220
Tri-Band Applications	p. 224
Amplifier Circuit for Active Design	p. 226
Combined GPS and Cellular Phone Systems	p. 227
Typical Antenna System	p. 227
Isolation of Collocated Cellular and GPS Antennas	p. 228
Gain Measurements of Passive Cell/GPS Elements	p. 229
Active Antenna and Filter Topology	p. 232
Combined GPS and SDARS Antenna System	p. 233
Stacked Patch Design	p. 233
Two Antennas in One Package	p. 237
Microstrip Antenna for GPS and DCS Applications	p. 238
Integrated GPS/PCS/RKES System	p. 241
Car Location Options	p. 242
Diversity Antennas for GPS Applications	p. 245
References	p. 247
Antennas for Short Range Communication	p. 249
Introduction	p. 249
Compact Planar Passive Antenna	p. 251
Geometries	p. 251
Simulation Results	p. 252
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical 315 MHz Meander Line Printed on Dielectric Board	p. 254
Introduction	p. 254
Antenna Geometry	p. 256
Numerical Results	p. 256
Measurement Results	p. 260
Considerations for Small Antennas	p. 262
Active Meander Line Antenna Implementation for 315 MHz	p. 264
Antenna and Amplifier Parameters	p. 264
Meander Line Antenna in Plastic Case	p. 267
On-Vehicle Radiation Pattern Measurements	p. 267
Example of 433.9 MHz Antenna	p. 272
Alternative Antenna Systems for Short Range Communication	p. 273
Splitter Antenna for 315 MHz Frequency Band	p. 274
Combined Roof AM/FM/RKE System	p. 275
Combined RKE/PCS/GPS Design	p. 276
Printed-on-Glass RKE Antenna Design	p. 277
Comparison of 433.9 MHz Antennas	p. 278
Maximum Detection Range of RKE/RSE System	p. 281
Effects of Auto Electronic Components on Communication Range	p. 284
Signal and Noise Measurements for Antenna/Receiver Combination	p. 285
Measurement Results	p. 286
Electromagnetic Emission Interference	p. 288
Compact Diversity Antenna System for Remote Control Applications	p. 29
Compact Antennas: Literature and Patent Review	p. 294
Meander Line Antennas for Multifrequency Applications	p. 296
References	p. 300
Index	p. 303
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Automotive Antenna Design and Applications

At a Glance

Hardcover

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