| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Brief History of Optics and Quantum Electronics | p. 1 |
| Brief History of Physics and Alternating Growth of Science and Technology | p. 4 |
| Brief History of Optical Fiber Amplifiers | p. 9 |
| Brief History of Optical Communications, Transmission Media, and Optical Fibers | p. 16 |
| Early History of Optical Communications | p. 16 |
| Various Transmission Media 1960-1969 | p. 18 |
| Optical Fibers From 1966 | p. 23 |
| Alternating Growth of Passive Fiber Technology and Active Fiber Technology | p. 32 |
| References | p. 42 |
| Outline of Optical Fiber Amplifiers | p. 55 |
| Application Systems and Requirements for Optical Fiber Amplifiers | p. 55 |
| Outline of Rare-Earth Ions and Amplification in Fibers | p. 58 |
| Host Glasses | p. 58 |
| Rare-Earth Ions and Their Transitions | p. 63 |
| Outline of Amplification in Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber | p. 68 |
| Key Issues for Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers | p. 77 |
| Broadband | p. 77 |
| High Gain | p. 85 |
| Low Noise | p. 87 |
| High Power | p. 93 |
| Reliability | p. 96 |
| Key Issues Regarding Praseodymium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers | p. 99 |
| Other Wavelength Amplifiers | p. 103 |
| Key Issues Regarding Fabrication Technologies and Material Structures | p. 108 |
| Fabrication Processes of Rare-Earth-Doped Fibers | p. 108 |
| Material Structures of Rare-Earth-Doped Glasses and Their Effects on Amplification Characteristics | p. 115 |
| Recent Topics on Amplified Systems | p. 118 |
| Unrepeated Long-Span Transmission | p. 119 |
| Long-Distance Transmission | p. 120 |
| WDM, Long-Distance, and/or High-Speed Transmission | p. 125 |
| Optical Networking | p. 128 |
| 1.3-[mu]m Transmission | p. 129 |
| References | p. 132 |
| Rare-Earth Ions in Glasses and Transitions for Optical Amplification | p. 149 |
| Introduction | p. 149 |
| The Configuration of the 4f States in Condensed Materials | p. 150 |
| The Judd-Ofelt Theory for Determining Transition Intensities | p. 155 |
| The Judd-Ofelt Theory | p. 155 |
| Selection Rules From the Judd-Ofelt Theory | p. 160 |
| Other Multiple Transitions | p. 163 |
| Experimental Procedure for Obtaining [Omega] Parameters | p. 164 |
| Other Procedures for Obtaining Emission Cross Sections | p. 167 |
| Energy Transfer Phenomena Between Rare Earths | p. 169 |
| Formalism of Resonance Energy Transfer Between Rare Earths | p. 169 |
| Concentration Quenching | p. 173 |
| Nonradiative Relaxation by the Multiphonon Emission Process | p. 175 |
| Spectral Broadening Phenomena | p. 178 |
| Three- and Four-Level Amplifier Systems | p. 182 |
| Population Inversion | p. 183 |
| Gain Saturation | p. 187 |
| References | p. 189 |
| Fiber Materials and Fabrications | p. 193 |
| Fiber Materials and Compositions | p. 194 |
| Oxide Glass | p. 197 |
| Halide Glass | p. 199 |
| Chalcogenide Glass | p. 200 |
| Crystals | p. 201 |
| Transmission Loss of Fiber Materials | p. 201 |
| Intrinsic Loss Factors | p. 204 |
| Extrinsic Loss Factors | p. 222 |
| Thermal Properties of Fiber Materials | p. 227 |
| Glass Structure and Chemical Bonds | p. 227 |
| Theory and Kinetics of Crystallization | p. 237 |
| High-Silica Fiber Fabrication Process and Rare-Earth Doping | p. 259 |
| Soot Process: Origin of High-Silica Glass Fabrication Process | p. 259 |
| MCVD Process and Rare-Earth Doping | p. 265 |
| Rare-Earth Doping in MCVD Process | p. 274 |
| VAD Process | p. 279 |
| Rare-Earth Doping in VAD Process | p. 320 |
| OVD Process | p. 321 |
| High-Silica Fiber Drawing | p. 321 |
| Multicomponent Glass Fiber Fabrication Process | p. 325 |
| Fluoride Fiber Fabrication Process | p. 327 |
| Glass Compositions | p. 330 |
| Fabrication Process | p. 331 |
| Characteristics | p. 344 |
| Vapor Phase Deposition | p. 351 |
| Chalcogenide Fiber Fabrication Process | p. 352 |
| Glass Compositions | p. 353 |
| Fabrication Process | p. 356 |
| Characteristics | p. 364 |
| Crystalline Fiber Fabrication Process | p. 371 |
| Reliability of Amplifier Host Fibers | p. 375 |
| Reliability Requirements | p. 375 |
| Catastrophic Failure of Optical Fibers Caused by Chemical and Mechanical Stresses | p. 376 |
| Hydrogen-Induced Loss Increase | p. 386 |
| Loss Increase due to y-Ray Irradiation | p. 387 |
| References | p. 389 |
| Amplification Characteristics of a Fiber Amplifier: Components, Design, and Amplification Characteristics of a Fiber Amplifier Module | p. 405 |
| Introduction | p. 405 |
| Fiber Amplifier Related Devices | p. 406 |
| Fiber Grating | p. 406 |
| Thermally Expanded Core Fiber | p. 408 |
| Filters | p. 411 |
| Isolators and Circulators | p. 415 |
| Pump/Signal Multiplexing Devices | p. 421 |
| Splicing Devices and Technology | p. 424 |
| Pump Source | p. 428 |
| Amplification Characteristics of Fiber Amplifier Modules | p. 447 |
| 1.5-[mu]m-Band Fiber Amplifier | p. 447 |
| 1.3-[mu]m-Band Fiber Amplifier | p. 522 |
| 1.4-[mu]m- and 1.65-[mu]m-Band Fiber Amplifiers | p. 571 |
| References | p. 582 |
| Conclusion | p. 601 |
| About the Authors | p. 605 |
| Index | p. 609 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
