Argumentation Methods for Artificial Intelligence in Law

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Informal Logic Methods for Law -- 1. Basics of Argument Diagramming -- 2. Araucaria -- 3. Legal Origins of Argument Diagramming -- 4. Argumentation Schemes -- 5. Enthymemes -- 6. Burden of Proof -- 7. Types of Dialogue -- 8. Commitment Operations in Dialogues -- 9. Legal and Everyday Argumentation -- 10. The Level of Difficulty of the Problems -- Chapter 2: Generalizations in Legal Reasoning -- 1. The Necessity and Danger of Generalizations -- 2. The Fallacy of Hasty Generalization -- 3. Generalizations in Evidence Law -- 4. Argumentation Schemes -- 5. Analysis of the Cranberry Cask Case -- 6. Deductive and Inductive Generalizations -- 7. The Third Type of Generalization -- 8. Defeasible Generalizations and Arguments from Ignorance -- 9. Abstraction and the Defeasible Quantifier -- 10. Evaluating Argumentation Based on Generalizations -- Chapter 3: Defeasible Reasoning in Dialogue Systems -- 1. Common Argumentation Schemes in Legal Evidence -- 2. Defeasible Arguments -- 3. Arguments Based on Case Comparison -- 4. Theories of Defeasible Reasoning -- 5. Computational Dialectics for Legal Argumentation -- 6. Formal Dialogue Systems -- 7. Lack of Knowledge Inferences -- 8. Other Argumentation Schemes in Evidence Law -- 9. Dialogue Conditions for Defeasible Arguments -- 10. The Dialectical Approach to Defeasible Arguments -- Chapter 4: Relevance Determinations of Legal Evidence -- 1. Logical Relevance -- 2. Legal Relevance -- 3. Examples of Relevance Determinations -- 4. Determination of Relevance by Argument Extrapolation -- 5. Probative Weight and Enthymemes -- 6. Conditional Relevance -- 7. Summary of the Method -- 8. The Problem of Diagnosing Fallacies of Relevance -- 9. Legal Relevance as a Procedural Concept -- Chapter 5: Methods Applied to Problems of Evidence -- 1. Case-Based Reasoning -- 2. Argument Diagramming for Case-Based Reasoning -- 3. Witness Testimony as Evidence -- 4. Examination -- 5. Circumstantial Evidence -- 6. Abductive Reasoning -- 7. Forensic Evidence -- 8. Character Evidence -- 9. Evaluation of Evidence -- Chapter 6: Dialectical Explanation in AI -- 1. Systems for Explanation in Computing -- 2. Philosophical Views of Explanation -- 3. A Review of the Logic of Generalizations -- 4. Logical and Pragmatic Aspects of an Explanation -- 5. Explanation and Argument -- 6. The Pragmatics of Explanation -- 7. Evaluating Explanations as Better or Best -- 8. Different Kinds of Understanding -- 9. Understanding and the Clarifying Function -- 10. Main Features of the New Dialectical Model -- Chapter 7: Argument Invention for Proof Preparation -- 1. Argument Invention as a Search Process -- 2. An Easy Case of Argument Invention -- 3. The Breach of Contract Case -- 4. Relevance and Invention -- 5. Building a Method of Argument Invention -- 6. Classifying and Formalizing Schemes -- 7. Studying Causal Schemes -- 8. Ten Components of Legal Argumentation -- 9. Future Problems for Research -- 10. A Procedural Model of Legal Argumentation -- References.