Amphibian Morphogenesis

Section I. Amphibians.- 1. The Origin of the Amphibians.- 2. Living Amphibians.- 3. Metamorphosis in Urodeles.- 4. Metamorphosis in Anurans.- 5. General Consideration of the Endocrinal Mechanisms Responsible for Anuran Larval Metamorphosis 10.- Section II. Staging of Embryonic and Larval Amphibians.- 6. Anurans and Urodeles.- 7. Caecilia (Apoda or Gymnophiona).- Summary.- 8. Tables of Staged Specimens.- Section III. Organic Origin, Development and Change In Anuran Larvae to the Completion of Metamorphosis.- 9. Introduction.- 10. The Thyroid Gland.- Origin and Development.- Fine Structure of the Thyroid.- Biosynthetic Activity and Enzymology of the Thyroid.- 11. The Pituitary Gland.- 12. The Hypothalamus and Median Eminence.- 13. The Ultimobranchial Body.- 14. The Parathyroid Glands.- 15. The Larval Skeleton-Specific Features During Metamorphosis.- Origin and Development of Skeletal Components.- Hormonal Control of Skeletogeny.- 16. The Notochord.- 17. The Central Nervous System.- The Mesencephalic V Nucleus.- Rohon-Beard Cells.- Mauthner Cells.- Lateral Motor Column Neurones.- Thyroid Hormones and the LMC Neurones: Fine Structure and Their degeneration.- The Larval Tail Nerve Cord.- 18. Larval Musculature.- Somite Origin and Myogenesis.- Differentiation of Myoblasts-Fine Structure.- The Fine Structure of Differentiated Larval Musculature.- Degeneration of the Larval Tail Musculature During Metamorphic Climax.- 19. The Blood.- Origin in the Larva.- Erythrocyte Hemoglobin.- Changeover of Larval to Adult Hb During Metamorphosis.- Thyroid Hormones and the Blood During Metamorphosis.- 20. The External and Internal Gill Filaments.- 21. Balancers.- 22. Features of the Larval Respiratory System.- 23. The Alimentary Canal.- The Ultrastructure of the Alimentary Canal.- Thyroid Hormones and Intestinal Changes During Metamorphosis.- 24. The Pancreas.- 25. The Liver.- The Fine Structure of the Liver.- Liver Cellular Changes During Metamorphosis.- Liver Cellular Proliferation During Metamorphosis: Do the Same Cells Change Their Biosynthetic Activity?.- 26. The Pronephros.- Origin in the Larva.- Functional Activity of the Pronephros.- Relationship of the Pronephros to the Thyroid Hormones.- Pronephros Gross Structure and Size.- Fine Structure of the Pronephros.- Pronephric Degeneration.- 27. The Lymph Glands.- 28. The Skin of Amphibian Larvae.- Early Epidermal Cellular Specialization.- General Structure of Larval Skin and a Consideration of Its Cellular Diversity.- Skin Color and Color Change.- Degeneration of Larval Tail and Body Skin.- Thyroid Hormones and Larval Skin.- Skin Biochemistry.- Section IV. Cellular Differentiation, Ontogeny, and Molecular Biology.- 29. A Consideration of Cellular Diversity.- Molecular Structure.- Cell Size and Shape.- Cell Organelles.- Aggregate Solid Inclusions.- Microfilaments.- Microtubules.- Membranes.- 30. Early Cleavage Cells and Their Nucleocytoplasmic Relationship.- 31. Cellular Differentiation During Embryogenesis to Premetamorphosis.- The Amphibian Zygote, Cleavage, and the Blastula.- The Gastrula: Induction and Cellular Differentiation.- The Mechanism of Induction.- So-Called "Intrinsic" Properties of Embryonic and Larval Cells.- Inducers and Hormones.- 32. Appraisal of Morphological and Functional Cellular Changes During Metamorphosis.- Molecular Biology of Cellular Differentiation During Metamorphosis.- Receptor Sites-A Brief Review.- Receptor (Binding) Sites for Thyroid Hormones in Amphibian Larval Cells.- A Summary: Thyroid Hormones and Larval Metamorphosis.- 33. Epilog.- References.- Species Index.