Workshop Statistics

Preface xv

To the Student xxi

Supplementary Materials xxiii

Organization of Workshop Statistics xxvii

List of Activities by Application xxxi

List of Activities Using Student-Generated Data xxxix

Photo Credits xli

UNIT 1 Collecting Data and Drawing Conclusions 1

TOPIC 1 Data and Variables 3

TOPIC 2 Data and Distributions 15

TOPIC 3 Drawing Conclusions from Studies 33

TOPIC 4 Random Sampling 53

TOPIC 5 Designing Experiments 77

LAB 1 Friend or Foe? 96

UNIT 2 Summarizing Data 99

TOPIC 6 Two-Way Tables 101

LAB 2 Is Yawning Contagious? 124

TOPIC 7 Displaying and Describing Distributions 127

TOPIC 8 Measures of Center 151

TOPIC 9 Measures of Spread 171

TOPIC 10 More Summary Measures and Graphs 197

LAB 3 Memorizing Letters 221

UNIT 3 Randomness in Data 223

TOPIC 11 Probability 225

TOPIC 12 Normal Distributions 247

TOPIC 13 Sampling Distributions: Proportions 269

TOPIC 14 Sampling Distributions: Means 291

TOPIC 15 Central Limit Theorem and Statistical Inference 309

LAB 4 Rock-Paper-Scissors 326

UNIT 4 Inference from Data: Principles 329

TOPIC 16 Confidence Intervals: Proportions 331

TOPIC 17 Tests of Significance: Proportions 355

TOPIC 18 More Inference Considerations 377

TOPIC 19 Confidence Intervals: Means 395

TOPIC 20 Tests of Significance: Means 421

LAB 5 Sleepless Nights 437

UNIT 5 Inference from Data: Comparisons 441

TOPIC 21 Comparing Two Proportions 443

TOPIC 22 Comparing Two Means 471

TOPIC 23 Analyzing Paired Data 497

LAB 6 Comparison Shopping 517

UNIT 6 Inferences with Categorical Data 519

TOPIC 24 Goodness-of-Fit Tests 521

TOPIC 25 Inference for Two-Way Tables 543

UNIT 7 Relationships in Data 567

TOPIC 26 Graphical Displays of Association 569

TOPIC 27 Correlation Coefficient 593

TOPIC 28 Least Squares Regression 617

TOPIC 29 Inference for Correlation and Regression 647

LAB 7 Backpack Weighing You Down? 666

TABLE I Random Digits T-1

TABLE II Standard Normal Probabilities T-3

TABLE III t-Distribution Critical Values T-5

TABLE IV Chi-Square Distribution Critical Values T-6

APPENDIX A Student Glossary A-1

APPENDIX B Sources for Studies and Datasets B-1

APPENDIX C List of Data Files and Applets C-1

INDEX I-1

ADDITIONAL TOPICS (online only)

TOPIC 30 Probability Rules

TOPIC 31 Random Variables

TOPIC 32 Binomial Distribution

TOPIC 33 Analysis of Variance