Preface xi
Part I Introduction to Wireless Networks 1
1 Overview of Wireless Networks 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Network Architecture and Design Issues 6
1.3 Key Trends in Wireless Networking 20
1.4 Outline of the Book 21
Questions 22
2 Evolution of the Wireless Industry 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Three Views of the Wireless Industry 29
2.3 Three Generations of Cellular Networks 32
2.4 Trends in Wireless Technologies 43
Questions 49
Part II Characteristics of Radio Propagation 51
3 Characterization of Radio Propagation 53
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Multipath Fading and the Distance–Power Relationship 55
3.3 Local Movements and Doppler Shift 64
3.4 Multipath for Wideband Signals 66
3.5 Classical Uncorrelated Scattering Model 72
3.6 Indoor and Urban Radio Propagation Modeling 81
Questions 86
Problems 87
Projects 89
4 Modeling and Simulation of Narrowband Signal Characteristics 93
4.1 Introduction 93
4.2 Modeling Path Loss and Slow Shadow Fading 96
4.3 Doppler Spectrum of Fast Envelope Fading 110
4.4 Statistical Behavior of Fast Envelope Fading 122
4.5 Simulation of Fast Envelope Fading 126
Questions 133
Problems 134
Projects 137
5 Measurement of Wideband and UWB Channel Characteristics 149
5.1 Introduction 149
5.2 Time-Domain Measurement Techniques 151
5.3 Frequency-Domain Measurement Techniques 171
5.4 Advances in Frequency-Domain Channel Measurement 180
Questions 197
Problems 198
Project 200
6 Modeling of Wideband Radio Channel Characteristics 205
6.1 Introduction 206
6.2 Wideband Time-Domain Statistical Modeling 208
6.3 Wideband Frequency-Domain Channel Modeling 234
6.4 Comparison Between Statistical Models 243
6.5 Ray-Tracing Algorithms 245
6.6 Direct Solution of Radio Propagation Equations 261
6.7 Comparison of Deterministic and Statistical Modeling 263
6.8 Site-Specific Statistical Model 265
Appendix 6A: GSM-Recommended Multipath Propagation Models 270
Appendix 6B: Wideband Multipath Propagation Models 272
Questions 274
Problems 275
Projects 277
Part III Modem Design 279
7 Narrowband Modem Technology 281
7.1 Introduction 282
7.2 Basic Modulation Techniques 284
7.3 Theoretical Limits and Practical Impairments 307
7.4 Traditional Modems for Wide-Area Wireless Networks 312
7.5 Other Aspects of Modem Implementation 328
Questions 335
Problems 336
Projects 338
8 Fading Diversity and Coding 341
8.1 Introduction 341
8.2 Radio Communication on Flat Rayleigh Fading Channels 343
8.3 Diversity Combining 347
8.4 Error-Control Coding for Wireless Channels 353
8.5 Space-Time Coding 363
8.6 MIMO and STC 365
Questions 372
Problems 372
Projects 374
9 Broadband Modem Technologies 377
9.1 Introduction 378
9.2 Effects of Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading 380
9.3 Discrete Multipath Fading Channel Model 384
9.4 Adaptive Discrete Matched Filter 389
9.5 Adaptive Equalization 393
9.6 Sectored Antennas 405
9.7 Multicarrier OFDM and Frequency Diversity 411
9.8 Comparison of Traditional Broadband Modems 421
9.9 MIMO in Frequency-Selective Fading 423
Appendix 9A: Analysis of the Equalizers 425
Questions 428
Problems 429
Projects 431
10 Spread-Spectrum and CDMA Technology 435
10.1 Introduction 435
10.2 Principles of Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum 439
10.3 Principles of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum 444
10.4 Interference in Spread-Spectrum Systems 464
10.5 Performance of CDMA Systems 476
Questions 494
Problems 495
Part IV Systems Aspects 499
11 Topology Medium Access and Performance 501
11.1 Introduction 501
11.2 Topologies for Local Networks 503
11.3 Cellular Topology for Wide-Area Networks 506
11.4 Centrally Controlled Assigned Access Methods 521
11.5 Distributed Contention-Based Access Control 537
Questions 572
Problems 573
Project 576
12 Ultrawideband Communications 581
12.1 Introduction 581
12.2 UWB Channel Characteristics 584
12.3 Impulse Radio and Time-Hopping Access 589
12.4 Direct-Sequence UWB 595
12.5 Multiband OFDM 599
Questions 603
Problems 604
13 RF Location Sensing 607
13.1 Introduction 607
13.2 RF Location-Sensing Techniques 611
13.3 Modeling The Behavior of RF Sensors 619
13.4 Wireless Positioning Algorithms 626
Questions 636
Problems 637
14 Wireless Optical Networks 639
14.1 Introduction 639
14.2 Implementation 641
14.3 Eye Safety 643
14.4 IR Channel Characterization and Data-Rate Limitations 644
14.5 Modulation Techniques for Optical Communications 653
14.6 Multiple Access and Data Rate 659
Questions 661
15 Systems and Standards 663
15.1 Introduction 663
15.2 GSM GPRS and EDGE 664
15.3 CDMA and HDR 674
15.4 Other Historical Systems 679
15.5 Wireless LANs 682
15.6 Speech Coding in Wireless Systems 685
Questions 687
References 689
Index 713
About the Authors 721
