Who Cares?

Women's Work, Childcare, and Welfare State Redesign

By: Jane Jenson (Editor), Mariette Sineau (Editor)

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Paperback | 5 April 2003 | Edition Number 2

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By focussing on child care and systematically comparing national experiences in Belgium, France, Italy, Sweden, and the European Union, Who Cares? provides an enormous amount of information on recent child care policies and a clear perspective on thinking about welfare state redesign. Many countries have now designed child care policies 'to reconcile family and work.' Some encourage parents to provide their own child care by granting parental leave; others encourage parents to stay at work by supporting child care services. Using the case of child care policy, the contributors to this volume examine how public policy choices over the last three decades have been fashioned by specific understandings of the gendered division of labour.

The authors of the country studies have done an excellent job of recounting the details of child care strategies, and placing them within the larger context of state approaches to women's roles. They argue that an examination of the direction and the form of spending, in this period when social spending is under attack, contributes to our understanding of new principles of citizenship as they have been developed and articulated by governments.

Who Cares? highlights the connection between child care and employment, and makes a significant contribution to the literature on citizenship and women's work.

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Acknowledgments	p. ix
The Care Dimension in Welfare State Redesign	p. 3
Welfare States and Care	p. 6
Care and Citizenship Regimes	p. 8
Childcare and Public Policy	p. 12
New Contexts, New Policies	p. 19
A New Demographic and Sociological Context	p. 20
The Baby Boom Ends	p. 21
The End of Full Employment	p. 23
Yet Women Are Staying in the Labour Force	p. 25
New Patterns of Employment	p. 29
Employment Policy: Confronting 'Flexibility' and Unemployment	p. 33
Moving towards Flexibility	p. 34
The Struggle against Unemployment	p. 35
Family Policies Caught up in Welfare State Redesign	p. 37
Changing Institutions: Decentralizing the State and Offloading to the Market	p. 41
Belgium: Moving towards Federalism	p. 42
Italy: Regions Take Their Place	p. 45
French Jacobinism Adapts	p. 47
Sweden Decentralizes	p. 49
The European Union Arrives	p. 52
Belgium: The Vices and Virtues of Pragmatism	p. 56
Egalitarian Citizenship at the Height of the Welfare State	p. 59
The Difficult Birth of the FESC	p. 62
The Aborted Child-Rearing Allowance	p. 65
The Egalitarian Model Tested by the Economic Crisis	p. 70
Tax Reform and Childcare	p. 72
The Impact of Employment Policies on Childcare	p. 76
Towards a Frontal Assault on the Egalitarian Model?	p. 82
France: Reconciling Republican Equality with 'Freedom of Choice'	p. 88
Upheaval and Crisis: Modernity and Ambivalence in the Giscardian Years	p. 90
Modernity and the Politics of Childcare	p. 90
Ambivalence	p. 91
The Direction of Change Is Set: The 1977 Parental Leave	p. 93
The Crisis Continues: The Invention of New Services	p. 94
Support for Day Nurseries: The Weak Link in the Chain	p. 95
Individualized and Targeted Solutions	p. 97
Parental Leave: The Labour Code Becomes Family Oriented	p. 98
The Parental Child-Rearing Allowance of 1984 and 1986: Paying Mothers to Care	p. 98
Save Some Time, Employ Someone: Two Subsidies for Hiring a Childminder	p. 101
Part-Time Work	p. 104
The 1994 Reform	p. 105
Freedom of Choice versus Republican Equality?	p. 106
The Presidents of the Republic	p. 107
Governments and Parliaments	p. 111
Italy: Policy without Participation	p. 118
The Long Arm of the Post-War Constitutional Compromise	p. 120
Signs of Movement in the 1960s	p. 126
The Missed Revolution? The 1970s	p. 129
Political and Financial Crises in the 1990s	p. 138
Sweden: Models in Crisis	p. 146
The Modern Mother-Housewife in the 'Small World' of the People's Home	p. 147
The 'Right to Be Human:' Towards the Egalitarian Model, 1960-1980	p. 149
The Swedish Model(s) in Crisis?	p. 159
The Egalitarian Model at the End of the Twentieth Century: Only a Parenthesis?	p. 166
Europe: An Actor without a Role	p. 177
The Beginnings of Europe's Role	p. 179
Reconciliation and Its Declensions	p. 183
The Delors Commissions: Social and Family Policy	p. 188
Family Policy	p. 188
The Social Charter	p. 190
Nested Narratives, Multiple Motives	p. 194
Parental Leave: Detouring to Family Policy through the Maastricht Social Protocol	p. 198
From Social Dialogue to Parental Leave	p. 198
Concluding?	p. 203
Comparing Childcare Programs: Commonalities Amid Variety	p. 214
Work and Family: A Variety of Policy Mixes	p. 214
Publicly Financed and Provided Services for Young Children	p. 217
Use and Access to Services	p. 218
A Variety of Structures	p. 219
Cost and Financing	p. 223
General Trends	p. 225
Privately Provided Childcare	p. 226
Privately Purchased Childcare	p. 228
Parental Leaves	p. 230
Cared for by Mothers	p. 235
Citizenship in the Era of Welfare State Redesign	p. 240
Post-War Citizenship Regimes and Ideas about Women's Work	p. 242
The Post-War Dream: Children at Home with their Mothers	p. 243
Another Value Arrives: Gender Equality	p. 246
Childcare Choices in the New Conditions	p. 249
Women's Work: New or Recycled Representations?	p. 250
Common Patterns of Movement in Childcare Programs	p. 254
Citizenship Rights in New Times	p. 259
Bibliography	p. 267
Contributors	p. 291
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Who Cares?

Women's Work, Childcare, and Welfare State Redesign

At a Glance

Paperback

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