WETLANDS FOR TROPICAL APPLICATIONS

Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetlands

By: TANAKA NORIO

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Hardcover | 24 June 2011

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164 Pages

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22.86 x 15.24 x 1.12

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This book provides a systematic exposition of the design features of constructed wetlands, and their management (in terms of siting, physical maintenance, and operation). Only very few books (or chapters) have been published on constructed wetlands in tropical conditions and none are current. The selection of plant species, managing their growth and harvesting cycles, and the impact these have on the attenuation of organic and inorganic pollutants, nutrients, and pathogens would be of interest to students and practitioners of the art working under tropical conditions. The potential of constructed wetlands as a low-cost intervention for developing countries in tropical regions that faced water pollution problems, in particular, deserves to be explored systematically.

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Preface	p. v
An Introduction to Wetlands in the Tropics	p. 1
Definitions of Wetlands	p. 1
Geographic Distribution of Tropical Natural Wetlands	p. 3
Adoption to the Tropical Environment	p. 5
Constructed Wetlands in Tropical Climates	p. 6
Examples of Applications	p. 11
The Tropical Environment	p. 13
Population and Food Production	p. 13
Demographics changes	p. 15
The rural economy	p. 15
Agriculture	p. 16
Changing Environments	p. 18
Water resources	p. 18
Water scarcity	p. 20
Environmental Degradation	p. 22
Access to safe water and pollution	p. 22
Wastewaters	p. 23
Protecting the Environment	p. 25
Wastewater management	p. 25
Integrated water resources management (IWRM)	p. 26
The role of government agencies and society	p. 28
Pollutants and Wetland Treatment	p. 29
Wetland Treatment Process	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
Types of wetlands	p. 30
Wetland configuration	p. 31
Wetland hydrology	p. 34
Soils in the wetland	p. 35
Wedand vegetation	p. 37
Role of wetland vegetation in the treatment process	p. 38
Pollutants and Their Transformations	p. 39
Biodegradable organics	p. 39
Suspended solids	p. 41
Nitrogen	p. 42
Phosphorus	p. 44
Sulfur	p. 45
Wetland Plant Dynamics	p. 47
Types of Macrophytes and Factors Affecting Their Growth	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
Submergent macrophytes	p. 47
Emergent macrophytes	p. 49
Floating and floating-leave macrophytes	p. 49
Factors affecting macrophyte growth	p. 51
Effect of harvesting in wedands	p. 53
The emission of greenhouse gases in the tropical wetlands	p. 54
Role of Macrophytes in Wedands	p. 56
Plant Physiology	p. 61
Case Study on Growth Characteristics of Wetland Macrophytes	p. 63
Design of Tropical Constructed Wetlands	p. 69
The Importance of Wastewater Quality Parameters in Facility Design	p. 69
Influent wastewater characteristics and effluent water quality requirements	p. 69
Potential of wedands for wastewater treatment under tropical conditions	p. 70
How wedands improve water quality	p. 73
Process Design ù Reaction Rate and Hydraulic Residence Time (HRT)	p. 77
Reaction rates and HRT	p. 77
Sizing of constructed wetland (FWS and SSF)	p. 79
Water depth in FWS	p. 82
Bed depth in SSF	p. 82
Effect of evaporation on the design	p. 82
Integration of wedand designs	p. 83
Water Quality Improvement ù A Tropical Case Study	p. 83
Effectiveness of Scirpus grossus in the treatment of domestic wastes in a constructed wetland	p. 83
Effects of Vegetation on Water Quality Improvement	p. 90
Engineering the Wetlands	p. 95
Introduction	p. 95
Flow Control	p. 95
Need for flow control	p. 95
Inlet and outlet structures	p. 96
Substrate in Wetlands	p. 99
Sand and gravel	p. 99
Organic substrate	p. 100
Construction Aspects	p. 100
Site conditions	p. 101
Soil conditions	p. 102
Drainage	p. 102
Piping work	p. 103
Side walls	p. 104
Synthetic liners and clay liners	p. 106
Planting	p. 108
Fencing and protection	p. 110
Pre-Treatment for the Wedand System	p. 110
Stormwater bypass	p. 110
Removal of solids (screens, silt traps, and traps for floating material)	p. 111
Maintenance of Wedands	p. 111
Introduction of common aspects of failures and maintenance	p. 111
Frequency of maintenance of wetland plants, systems, and hydraulics	p. 111
Cost and Sustainability of Constructed Wetlands	p. 115
Introduction	p. 115
Land value and location	p. 116
Treatment goals	p. 117
Type of wetlands	p. 117
Construction Costs	p. 118
Basic cost components	p. 118
Operation and Maintenance Costs	p. 125
Sustainability of Constructed Wetlands in Tropics	p. 126
Ecological and economic sustainabilities	p. 126
Longevity of constructed wetlands	p. 128
Socio-environmental aspects of constructed wetland management ù lesson learnt	p. 129
References	p. 131
Index	p. 147
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

WETLANDS FOR TROPICAL APPLICATIONS

Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetlands

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

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