Water and Wastewater Engineering

Preface
Professional Advisory Board for the Second Edition
Professional Advisory Board for the First Edition
1 The Design and Construction Processes
1-1 Introduction
1-2 Project Participants
1-3 The Professionalâ"Client Relationship and the Code of Ethics
1-4 Responsible Care
1-5 Overall Design Process
1-6 Overall Construction Process
1-7 Hints from the Field
1-8 Chapter Review
1-9 Problems
1-10 Discussion Questions
1-11 References
2 General Water Supply Design Considerations
2-1 Water Demand
2-2 Water Source Evaluation
2-3 Water Quality
2-4 Evaluation of Process Options
2-5 Plant Sizing and Layout
2-6 Plant Location
2-7 Chapter Review
2-8 Problems
2-9 Discussion Questions
2-10 References
3 Intake Structures
3-1 Introduction
3-2 Design Elements
3-3 Design Criteria
3-4 Operational Considerations
3-5 Operation and Maintenance
3-6 Chapter Review
3-7 Problems
3-8 Discussion Questions
3-9 References
4 Wells
4-1 Introduction
4-2 Design Elements
4-3 Well Protection
4-4 Well Design
4-5 Chapter Review
4-6 Problems
4-7 Discussion Questions
4-8 References
5 Chemical Handling and Storage
5-1 Introduction
5-2 Redundancy and Capacity Provisions
5-3 Delivery, Handling, and Storage
5-4 Chemical Feed and Metering Systems
5-5 Chemical Compatibility
5-6 Materials Compatibility
5-7 Designing for Safety and Hazardous Conditions
5-8 Operation and Maintenance
5-9 Chapter Review
5-10 Problems
5-11 Discussion Questions
5-12 References
6 Coagulation and Flocculation
6-1 Introduction
6-2 Characteristics of Particles
6-3 Coagulation Theory
6-4 Coagulation Practice
6-5 Flocculation Theory
6-6 Mixing Theory
6-7 Mixing Practice
6-8 Operation and Maintenance
6-9 Chapter Review
6-10 Problems
6-11 Discussion Questions
6-12 References
7 Lime-Soda Softening
7-1 Hardness
7-2 Lime-Soda Softening
7-3 Softening Processes
7-4 Chemical Dosages Based on Stoichiometry
7-5 Concurrent Removal of Other Constituents
7-6 Process Configurations and Design Criteria
7-7 Operation and Maintenance
7-8 Stabilization
7-9 Chapter Review
7-10 Problems
7-11 Discussion Questions
7-12 References
8 Ion Exchange
8-1 Introduction
8-2 Fundamental Concepts of Ion Exchange
8-3 Process Operation
8-4 Ion Exchange Practice
8-5 Operation and Maintenance
8-6 Chapter Review
8-7 Problems
8-8 Discussion Question
8-9 References
9 Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
9-1 Introduction
9-2 Theory
9-3 Properties of RO and NF Membranes
9-4 RO and NF Practice
9-5 Electrodialysis
9-6 Chapter Review
9-7 Problems
9-8 Discussion Question
9-9 References
10 Sedimentation
10-1 Introduction
10-2 Sedimentation Theory
10-3 Sedimentation Practice
10-4 Sedimentation Basin Design
10-5 Operation and Maintenance
10-6 Chapter Review
10-7 Problems
10-8 Discussion Questions
10-9 References
11 Granular Filtration
11-1 Introduction
11-2 An Overview of the Filtration Process
11-3 Filter Media Characteristics
11-4 Granular Filtration Theory
11-5 Theory of Granular Filter Hydraulics
11-6 Granular Filtration Practice
11-7 Operation and Maintenance
11-8 Chapter Review
11-9 Problems
11-10 Discussion Questions
11-11 References
12 Membrane Filtration
12-1 Introduction
12-2 Membrane Filtration Theory
12-3 Properties of MF and UF Membranes
12-4 MF and UF Practice
12-5 Chapter Review
12-6 Problems
12-7 Discussion Questions
12-8 References
13 Disinfection, Lead and Copper Rule, Emergency Disinfection, and Fluoridation
13-1 Introduction
13-2 Disinfection
13-3 Corrosion Control
13-4 Contact Facilities
13-5 Emergency Disinfection
13-6 Fluoridation
13-7 Operation and Maintenance
13-8 Chapter Review
13-9 Problems
13-10 Discussion Questions
13-11 References
14 Removal of Specific Constituents
14-1 Introduction
14-2 Arsenic
14-3 Carbon Dioxide
14-4 Fluoride
14-5 Iron and Manganese
14-6 Nitrate
14-7 Natural Organic Matter (NOM)
14-8 Perchlorate
14-9 Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)
14-10 Radionuclides
14-11 Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs) and Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
14-12 Taste and Odor (T&O)
14-13 Chapter Review
14-14 Problems
14-15 Discussion Questions 580 14-16 References
15 Water Plant Residuals Management
15-1 Introduction
15-2 Solids Computations
15-3 Solids Production and Characteristics
15-4 Minimization of Residuals Generation
15-5 Recovery of Treatment Chemicals
15-6 Residuals Conveyance
15-7 Management of Sludges
15-8 Management of Liquid Residuals
15-9 Disposal of Specific Residual Constituents
15-10 Ultimate Disposal
15-11 Chapter Review
15-12 Problems
15-13 Discussion Questions
15-14 References
16 Drinking Water Plant Process Selection and Integration
16-1 Introduction
16-2 Process Selection
16-3 Process Integration
16-4 Security
16-5 Chapter Review
16-6 Problems
16-7 Discussion Questions
16-8 References
17 Storage and Distribution Systems
17-1 Introduction
17-2 Demand Estimates
17-3 Service Pressures
17-4 Pipe Network Design
17-5 Storage Tank Design
17-6 Pump Selection
17-7 Network Analysis
17-8 Sanitary Protection
17-9 Chapter Review
17-10 Problems
17-11 Discussion Questions
17-12 References
18 General Wastewater Collection and Treatment Design Considerations
18-1 Wastewater Sources and Flow Rates
18-2 Wastewater Characteristics
18-3 Wastewater Treatment Standards
18-4 Sludge Disposal Regulations
18-5 Plant Sizing and Layout
18-6 Plant Location
18-7 Chapter Review
18-8 Problems
18-9 Discussion Questions
18-10 References
19 Sanitary Sewer Design
19-1 Introduction
19-2 Predesign Activities
19-3 Gravity Sewer Collection System Design
19-4 Alternative Sewers
19-5 Pump Station Design
19-6 Operation and Maintenance
19-7 Economic and Energy Considerations
19-8 Sewer Safety
19-9 Chapter Review
19-10 Problems
19-11 Discussion Questions
19-12 References
20 Headworks and Preliminary Treatment
20-1 Introduction
20-2 Pump Station
20-3 Flow Measurement
20-4 Bar Racks and Screens
20-5 Coarse Solids Reduction
20-6 Grit Removal
20-7 Flow Equalization
20-8 Alternative Preliminary Process Arrangements
20-9 Chapter Review
20-10 Problems
20-11 Discussion Questions
20-12 References
21 Primary Treatment
21-1 Introduction
21-2 Sedimentation Theory
21-3 Sedimentation Practice
21-4 Sedimentation Basin Design
21-5 Other Primary Treatment Alternatives
21-6 Chapter Review
21-7 Problems
21-8 References
22 Wastewater Microbiology
22-1 Introduction
22-2 Role of Microorganisms
22-3 Classification of Microorganisms
22-4 Microbial Biochemistry
22-5 Population Dynamics
22-6 Decomposition of Waste
22-7 Microbiology of Secondary Treatment Unit Processes
22-8 Operation and Maintenance
22-9 Chapter Review
22-10 Problems
22-11 Discussion Questions
22-12 References
23 Secondary Treatment by Suspended Growth Biological Processes
23-1 Introduction
23-2 Processes for BOD Removal and Nitrification
23-3 Processes for Denitrification
23-4 Processes for Phosphorus Removal
23-5 Biological Treatment with Membrane Separation
23-6 Suspended Growth Design Principles
23-7 Suspended Growth Design Practice
23-8 Membrane Bioreactor Design Practice
23-9 Chapter Review
23-10 Problems
23-11 Discussion Questions
23-12 References
24 Secondary Treatment by Attached Growth and Hybrid Biological Processes
24-1 Introduction
24-2 Attached Growth Processes
24-3 Attached Growth Design Principles
24-4 Attached Growth Design Practice
24-5 Hybrid Processes
24-6 Chapter Review
24-7 Problems
24-8 References
25 Secondary Settling, Disinfection, and Postaeration
25-1 Introduction
25-2 Secondary Settling
25-3 Disinfection
25-4 Postaeration
25-5 Chapter Review
25-6 Problems
25-7 Discussion Questions
25-8 References
26 Tertiary Treatment
26-1 Introduction
26-2 Chemical Precipitation of Phosphorus
26-3 Granular Filtration
26-4 Membrane Filtration
26-5 Carbon Adsorption
26-6 Advanced Oxidation Processes
26-7 Chapter Review
26-8 Problems
26-9 References
27 Wastewater Plant Residuals Management
27-1 Sludge Handling Alternatives
27-2 Sources and Characteristics of Solids and Biosolids
27-3 Solids Computations
27-4 Grit Handling and Sludge Pumping
27-5 Management of Solids
27-6 Storage and Thickening of Sludges
27-7 Alkaline Stabilization
27-8 Aerobic Digestion
27-9 Anaerobic Digestion
27-10 Sludge Conditioning
27-11 Dewatering < br/> 27-12 Alternative Disposal Techniques
27-13 Land Application of Biosolids
27-14 Chapter Review
27-15 Problems
27-16 References
28 Clean Water Plant Process Selection and Integration
28-1 Introduction
28-2 Process Selection
28-3 Simulation Modeling
28-4 Process Integration
28-5 Chapter Review
28-6 Problems
28-7 References
29 Direct and Indirect Potable Reuse
29-1 Introduction
29-2 Water Quality Standards
29-3 Basic Design Principles
29-4 Design Practice
29-5 Case Studies: Indirect Potable Reuse
29-6 Case Studies: Direct Potable Reuse
29-7 Chapter Review
29-8 References
Appendix A Properties of Air, Water, and Selected Chemicals
Appendix B U.S. Standard Sieve Sizes
Appendix C Pipe, Fitting, and Valve Data
Appendix D U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Ct Values for Disinfectants
Index