| Brief Contents | |
| Contents | |
| Preface | |
| Organization of the Book | |
| Foundations | |
| Spatial Vision | |
| Visual Dynamics | |
| Tailoring the Book to Different Needs | |
| Acknowledgments | |
| Foundations | |
| An Introduction to Vision Science | |
| Visual Perception | |
| Defining Visual Perception | |
| The Evolutionary Utility of Vision | |
| Perception as a Constructive Act | |
| Perception as Modeling the Environment | |
| Perception as Apprehension of Meaning | |
| Optical Information | |
| The Behavior of Light | |
| The Formation of Images | |
| Vision as an "Inverse" Problem | |
| Visual Systems | |
| The Human Eye | |
| The Retina | |
| Visual Cortex | |
| Theoretical Approaches | |
| Classical Theories of Vision | |
| Structuralism | |
| Gestaltism | |
| Ecological Optics | |
| Constructivism | |
| A Brief History of Information Processing | |
| Computer Vision | |
| Information Processing Psychology | |
| Biological Information Processing | |
| Information Processing Theory | |
| The Computer Metaphor | |
| Three Levels of Information Processing | |
| Three Assumptions of Information Processing | |
| Representation | |
| Processes | |
| Four Stages of Visual Perception | |
| The Retinal Image | |
| The Image-Based Stage | |
| The Surface-Based Stage | |
| The Object-Based Stage | |
| The Category-Based Stage | |
| Color Vision: A Microcosm of Vision Science | |
| The Computational Description of Color Perception | |
| The Physical Description of Light | |
| The Psychological Description of Color | |
| The Psychophysical Correspondence | |
| Image-Based Color Processing | |
| Basic Phenomena | |
| Theories of Color Vision | |
| Physiological Mechanisms | |
| Development of Color Vision | |
| Surface-Based Color Processing | |
| Lightness Constancy | |
| Chromatic Color Constancy | |
| The Category-Based Stage | |
| Color Naming | |
| Focal Colors and Prototypes | |
| A Fuzzy-Logical Model of Color Naming | |
| Spatial Vision | |
| Processing Image Structure | |
| Physiological Mechanisms | |
| Retinal and Geniculate Cells | |
| Striate Cortex | |
| Striate Architecture | |
| Development of Receptive Fields | |
| Psychophysical Channels | |
| Spatial Frequency Theory | |
| Physiology of Spatial Frequency Channels | |
| Computational Approaches | |
| Marr's Primal Sketches | |
| Edge Detection | |
| Alternative Computational Theories | |
| A Theoretical Synthesis | |
| Visual Pathways | |
| Physiologlcal Evidence | |
| Perceptual Evidence | |
| Perceiving Surfaces Oriented in Depth | |
| The Problem of Depth Perception | |
| Heuristic Assumptions | |
| Marr's 2.5-D Sketch | |
| Ocular Information | |
| Accormmodation | |
| Convergence | |
| Stereoscopic Information | |
| Binocular Disparity | |
| The Correspondence Problem | |
| Computational Theories | |
| Physiological Mechanisms | |
| Vertical Disparity | |
| Da Vinci Stereopsis | |
| Dynamic Information | |
| Motion Parallax | |
| Optic Flow Caused by a Moving Observer | |
| Optic Flow Caused by Moving Objects | |
| Accretion/Deletion of Texture | |
| Pictorial Information | |
| Perspective Projection | |
| Convergence of Parallel Lines | |
| Position Relative to the Horizon of a Surface | |
| Relative Size | |
| Familiar Size | |
| Texture Gradients | |
| Edge Interpretation | |
| Shading Information | |
| Aerial Perspective | |
| Integrating Information Sources | |
| Development of Depth Perception | |
| Ocular Information | |
| Stereoscopic Information | |
| Dynamic Information | |
| Pictorial Information | |
| Organizing Objects and Scenes | |
| Perceptual Grouping | |
| The Classical Principles of Grouping | |
| New Principles of Grouping | |
| Measuring Grouping Effects Quantitatively | |
| Is Grouping an Early or Late Process? | |
| Past Experience | |
| Region Analysis | |
| Uniform Connectedness | |
| Region Segmentation | |
| Texture Segregation | |
| Figure/Ground Organization | |
| Principles of Figure/Ground Organization | |
| Ecological Considerations | |
| Effects of Meaningfulness | |
| The Problem of Holes | |
| Visual Interpolation | |
| Visual Completion | |
| Illusory Contours | |
| Perceived Transparency | |
| Figural Scission | |
| The Principle of Nonaccidentalness | |
| Multistability | |
| Connectionist Network Models | |
| Neural Fatigue | |
| Eye Fixations | |
| The Role of Instructions | |
| Development of Perceptual Organization | |
| The Habituation Paradigm | |
| The Development of Grouping | |
| Perceiving Object Properties and Parts | |
| Size | |
| Size Constancy | |
| Size Illusions | |
| Shape | |
| Shape Constancy | |
| Shape Illusions | |
| Orientation | |
| Orientation Constancy | |
| Orientation Illusions | |
| Position | |
| Perception of Direction | |
| Position Constancy | |
| Position Illusions | |
| Perceptual Adaptation | |
| Parts | |
| Evidence for Perception of Parts | |
| Part Segmentation | |
| Global and Local Processing | |
| Representing Shape and Structure | |
| Shape Equivalence | |
| Defining Objective Shape | |
| Invariant Features | |
| Transformational Alignment | |
| Object-Centered Reference Frames | |
| Theories of Shape Representation | |
| Templates | |
| Fourier Spectra | |
| Features and Dimensions | |
| Structural Descriptions | |
| Figural Goodness and Pragnanz | |
| Theories of Figural Goodness | |
| Structural Information Theory | |
| Perceiving Function and Category | |
| The Perception of Function | |
| Direct Perception of Affordances | |
| Indirect Perception of Function by Categorization | |
| Phenomena of Perceptual Categorization | |
| Categorical Hierarchies | |
| Perspective Viewing Conditions | |
| Part Structure | |
| Contextual Effects | |
| Visual Agnosia | |
| Theories of Object Categorization | |
| Recognition by Components Theory | |
| Accounting for Empirical Phenomena | |
| Viewpoint-Specific Theories | |
| Identifying Letters and Words | |
| Identifying Letters | |
| Identifying Words and Letters Within Words | |
| The Interactive Activation Model | |
| Visual Dynamics | |
| Perceiving Motion and Events | |
| Image Motion | |
| The Computational Problem of Motion | |
| Continuous Motion | |
| Apparent Motion | |
| Physiological Mechanisms | |
| Computational Theories | |
| Object Motion | |
| Perceiving Object Velocity | |
| Depth and Motion | |
| Long-Range Apparent Motion | |
| Dynamic Perceptual Organization | |
| Self-Motion and Optic Flow | |
| Induced Motion of the Self | |
| Perceiving Self-Motion | |
| Understanding Events | |
| Biological Motion | |
| Perceiving Causation | |
| Intuitive Physics | |
| Visual Selection: Eye Movements And Attention | |
| Eye Movements | |
| Types Of Eye Movements | |
| The Physiology Of The Oculomotor System | |
| Saccaadic Exploration Of The Visual Environment | |
| Visual Attention | |
| Early Versus Late Selection | |
| Costs and Benefits of Attention | |
| Theories of Spatial Attention | |
| Selective Attention to Properties | |
| Distributed versus Focused Attention | |
| Feature Integration Theory | |
| The Physiology of Attention | |
| Attention and Eye Movements | |
| Visual Memory and Imagery | |
| Visual Memory | |
| Three Memory Systems | |
| Iconic Memory | |
| Visual Short-Term Memory | |
| Visual Long-Term Memory | |
| Memory Dynamics | |
| Visual Imagery | |
| The Analog/Propositional Debate | |
| Mental Transformtions | |
| Image Inspection | |
| Kosslyn's Model of Imagery | |
| The Relation of Imagery to Perception | |
| Visual Awareness | |
| Philosophical Foundations | |
| The Mind-Body Problem | |
| The Problem of Other Minds | |
| Neuropsychology of Visual Awareness | |
| Split-Brain Patients | |
| Blindsight | |
| Unconscious Processing in Neglect and Balint's Syndrome | |
| Unconscious Face Recognition in Prosopagnosia | |
| Visual Awareness in Normal Observers | |
| Perceptual Defense | |
| Subliminal Perception | |
| Inattentional Blindsight | |
| Theories of Consciousness | |
| Functional Architecture Theories | |
| Biological Theories | |
| Consciousness and the Limits of Science | |
| Psychophysical Methods | |
| Measuring Thresholds | |
| Method of Adjustment | |
| Method of Limits | |
| Method of Constant Stimuli | |
| The Theoretical Status of Thresholds | |
| Signal Detection Theory | |
| Response Bias | |
| The Signal Detection Paradigm | |
| The Theory of Signal Detectability | |
| Difference Thresholds | |
| Just Noticeable Differences | |
| Weber's Law | |
| Psychophysical Scaling | |
| Fechner's Law | |
| Stevens's Law | |
| Suggestions for Futher Reading | |
| Connectionist Modeling | |
| Network Behavior | |
| Unit Behavior | |
| System Architecture | |
| Systemic Behavior | |
| Connectionist Learning Algorithms | |
| Back Propagation | |
| Gradient Descent | |
| Color Technology | |
| Additive versus Subtractive Color Mixture | |
| Adding versus Multiplying Spectra | |
| Maxwell's Color Triangle | |
| C.I.E. Color Space | |
| Subtractive Color Mixture Space? | |
| Color Television | |
| Paints and Dyes | |
| Subtractive Combination of Paints | |
| Additive Combination of Paints | |
| Color Photography | |
| Color Printing | |
| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| Glossary | |
| References | |
| Name Index | |
| Subject Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
