| Acknowledgments | p. v |
| Preface | p. vii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Principles of Animation | p. 2 |
| The Animation Pipeline | p. 3 |
| Moving-Camera Character Animation | p. 4 |
| Challenges in creating moving-camera character animations | p. 7 |
| Designing a Framework for View-Dependent Animation | p. 9 |
| Tour of the Book | p. 11 |
| A Framework for View-Dependent Animation | p. 13 |
| Prior Work | p. 13 |
| Character pose spaces for animation | p. 13 |
| Controlling camera variations to create animation | p. 14 |
| View-dependent geometry | p. 15 |
| Observer-dependent deformations in illustrations | p. 17 |
| The View Space | p. 18 |
| Distance of Viewpoint | p. 25 |
| Other Extensions | p. 29 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 29 |
| View-Dependent Animation from Sketches | p. 31 |
| Prior Work | p. 31 |
| Creating character models from sketches | p. 31 |
| Posins character models from sketches | p. 33 |
| Animating character models from sketches | p. 34 |
| Overview of the Pipeline | p. 35 |
| Inputs | p. 37 |
| Interactive skeleton and lattice construction | p. 37 |
| Recovering the Camera | p. 38 |
| Posing the Character | p. 41 |
| Skeleton-based posing | p. 41 |
| View-dependent posing algorithm | p. 44 |
| Mesh deformations | p. 47 |
| View-dependent mesh deformation algorithm | p. 48 |
| Animating the Character | p. 50 |
| Constructing the view space | p. 51 |
| Generating the animation | p. 51 |
| Blending view-dependent animation with non-view-dependent animation | p. 53 |
| Discussion of Other Results | p. 54 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 56 |
| View-Dependent Animation from Multimodal Inputs | p. 57 |
| Challenges in Multimodal Authoring of Animation | p. 57 |
| Prior Work | p. 58 |
| Character tracking in video | p. 59 |
| Camera tracking in video | p. 63 |
| Creating a View Space from Video | p. 65 |
| Camera tracking | p. 65 |
| Character posing | p. 67 |
| Constructing the view space | p. 69 |
| Creating the View Space from Multimodal Inputs | p. 71 |
| Generating the Animation from Video | p. 72 |
| Generating the Animation from Multimodal Inputs | p. 75 |
| Recovering the camera path from video and the character poses from sketches | p. 75 |
| Transplanting the camera path on the view space | p. 75 |
| Augmenting the camera path | p. 78 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 80 |
| Stylistic Reuse of View-Dependent Animations | p. 83 |
| Prior Work | p. 83 |
| Stylized animation | p. 83 |
| Synthesis and reuse of animation | p. 85 |
| Animating Multiple Characters from the Same View Space | p. 87 |
| Planning, sketching, and creating the view-dependent models | p. 88 |
| Generating animations over a special view space | p. 88 |
| Rendering the animation | p. 91 |
| Animating Multiple Characters from Multiple View Spaces | p. 92 |
| Animating Different Parts of a Single Character from a Single View Space | p. 94 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 97 |
| Discussion and Future Directions | p. 99 |
| Discussion | p. 99 |
| Future Directions | p. 102 |
| Camera Models and Computation of the Camera Matrix | p. 105 |
| The Pinhole Camera Model | p. 105 |
| Anatomy of the Projective Camera | p. 106 |
| Cameras at Infinity | p. 107 |
| Computation of the Projective Camera Matrix | p. 108 |
| Computation of the Affine Camera Matrix | p. 109 |
| The Exponential Map Parameterization of Rotations | p. 111 |
| Exponential Maps | p. 112 |
| Derivatives with Respect to the Exponential Maps | p. 113 |
| Strengths and Limitations of the Exponential Map | p. 114 |
| Spherical Joint Limits with Reach Cones | p. 115 |
| Defining Reach Cones | p. 115 |
| Detecting Reach Cone Inclusion | p. 117 |
| Calculating a Boundary Position | p. 118 |
| Twist Limits | p. 119 |
| Cyclic Order of Boundary Points | p. 119 |
| Interactively Creating the Reach Cone | p. 120 |
| References | p. 123 |
| Index | p. 131 |
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