Venice

A Documentary History, 1450-1630

By: David Chambers (Editor), Brian Pullan (Editor)

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Paperback | 1 March 2001 | Edition Number 12

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During the Renaissance, there were two centres of art, culture and mercantile power in Italy: Florence, and Venice. This is a sourcebook of promary materials, almost none previously available in English, for the history of the city-state of Venice. The time period covers the apogee of Venetian power and reputation to the beginnings of its decline in the 1630s. Sources used include diaries, chronicles, Inquisitorial records, literature, legislation, and contemporary descriptions, and are organized in sections by theme and accompanied by brief introductions.Originally published by Basil Blackwell, 1992.

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Non-Fiction History Regional & National History European History Earliest Times to Present Day Early Modern History from 1450 to 1700 Early History from 500 to 1500 General & World History

Preface	p. xvi
Acknowledgements	p. xix
List of Abbreviations	p. xxi
List of Contributors	p. xxii
List of Illustrations	p. xxiv
General Descriptions	p. 1
Praise of the city of Venice, 1493	p. 4
A pilgrim's impressions, 1480	p. 21
Sansovino on building-materials and techniques	p. 23
The English ambassador's notes, 1612	p. 26
The dominions of the Venetian Republic: a report by the Spanish ambassador, c.1618	p. 31
Authority and Government	p. 37
'An Infinitie of Officers': Theory, Description and Panegyric	p. 39
Contarini's picture of perfection: the Senate	p. 41
The Signoria 'in Pien Collegio'	p. 43
The Doge	p. 45
Death and election of a Doge noted by a visiting pilgrim, 1462	p. 45
Some restrictive obligations in the promissione of Doge Moro, 1462	p. 46
Publication of the new Doge, 1474: an eyewitness report	p. 49
Ceremonial dignity: the Doge's procession	p. 50
Elder statesmen: the Procurators of St Mark's	p. 51
Watchdogs and public prosecutors: the Avogadori di Comun, 1515	p. 52
The Courts of the Forty	p. 53
State security and arbitrary power: the Council of Ten	p. 54
'A very severe magistracy'	p. 54
Special duties and official secrecy	p. 56
The Great Council: procedure and function	p. 57
Order of seating	p. 57
Procedure in election of office-holders	p. 58
The Chancery	p. 59
Florentine admiration for Venice's system of government	p. 61
Public spectacle	p. 63
The Corpus Christi procession, 1533	p. 63
Temporary architecture for the reception of Henri III, King of France, at the Lido, 1574	p. 64
Defects, Corruption and Adverse Criticism	p. 66
Benedetto Dei's invective against Venice, c.1472	p. 68
Radical proposals (c.1500) by an aged patrician (Domenico Morosini)	p. 70
Indignities of the Dogeship	p. 71
The deposition of Francesco Foscari, 1457	p. 71
Discord over a ducal election: 'old and new' families, 1486	p. 72
Financial abuses of Agostino Barbarigo: investigations in 1501	p. 73
Leonardo Loredan's want of leadership in the war crisis, 1509	p. 75
Alvise Mocenigo, scapegoat for misfortunes, 1577	p. 76
Demagogic tendencies: Marino Grimani's election, 1595	p. 76
Corrupt practices	p. 77
Broglio: a curse or a blessing?	p. 77
Fraudulent voting in the Great Council, 1519	p. 78
Misconduct and fraud, 1620	p. 79
Breaches of official secrecy	p. 80
Reports in 1481	p. 80
Institution of the Inquisitori di Stato, 1539	p. 81
Opposition in the 1580s	p. 81
Powers of the Council of Ten reduced by the younger patricians, 1583	p. 81
Open government versus restricted government, 1589	p. 83
A preacher criticizes the government, 1584	p. 84
Law, Order and Social Policy	p. 85
Crime and Punishment	p. 87
Crimes of violence and their punishment	p. 88
The Lords or Officials of the Night	p. 88
Ritual execution of an alleged rapist and robber, 1513	p. 89
Homicide mitigated by insanity: a special case, 1553-4	p. 90
Crimes of state	p. 91
An imprisoned foreign agent petitions for clemency, 1497	p. 91
Execution of a Chancery secretary for breaking official secrets, 1498	p. 92
Antonio Grimani on trial, 1500	p. 93
The crime and punishment of Gabriel Emo, 1584-5	p. 95
Opinions about judicial and penal administration	p. 97
Imprisonment and execution in the 1480s	p. 97
A Welsh visitor's comments, 1549	p. 99
The case for convict oarsmen, c.1553-4	p. 99
Judges and advocates: a Florentine opinion, c.1569	p. 102
A papal nuncio's comments on the judicial administration of Venice, c.1580	p. 102
The Regulation of Society	p. 105
Food for the city	p. 105
Against bad flour, 1484, 1494	p. 106
Growth of population and shortages of food, 1540	p. 107
Famine and tumult in Venice, 1569-70	p. 108
The struggle against plague	p. 113
The plague and the pesthouses, 1464, 1468	p. 114
The plague orders of 1541	p. 115
The plague of 1575-7	p. 117
The defence of morality	p. 120
The Rialto brothel and the regulation of prostitution, 1460	p. 120
Sexual dissimulation condemned, 1480	p. 123
Homosexual practices unpunished, 1509	p. 124
The regulation of prostitution, 1539	p. 126
Prostitution and ostentation; the whore defined, 1543	p. 127
Blasphemy: the Ave maris stella case, 1593	p. 128
Good order and morality, 1612	p. 128
Public and Private Wealth	p. 131
Public Revenue and Expenditure	p. 134
The valuation of houses and land, 1459	p. 136
Levying the tenth, 1463	p. 137
Revenues of the Venetian government in 1469	p. 139
The sale of minor offices, 1510	p. 143
The hazards of speculating on customs duties, 1528-9	p. 144
Restrictions on the transfer of property to religious uses, 1536	p. 144
Clerical taxation: the grant by Pope Paul III, 1544	p. 146
Two mercers make a tax return, 1554	p. 147
Revenue of the Venetian Republic in 1587, 1594 and 1602	p. 148
Expenditure of the Venetian Republic in 1587, 1594 and 1602	p. 153
Public Borrowing: the Monti	p. 157
The establishment of a state loan fund, 1482	p. 158
Investment in public loan funds and in land, 1509	p. 160
The repayment of public debt, 1577-84	p. 162
Commerce: Fortunes Made and Lost	p. 166
The abundance of good things in Venice	p. 167
In the late fifteenth century	p. 167
In the early seventeenth century	p. 167
The establishment of a board of trade, 1507	p. 168
Indebtedness and business failure, c.1500	p. 169
Nicolo Baron, Venetian citizen	p. 169
Heinrich Stamler and brothers, German merchants	p. 169
The activities and misfortunes of a merchant family, the Zane, 1524-50	p. 171
Letter of a merchant in Aleppo, 1551	p. 174
Failure of a bank, 1584	p. 174
An agreement to establish a merchant partnership, 1596	p. 175
Conspicuous Consumption and Styles of Living	p. 177
A magistracy to administer sumptuary laws, 1515	p. 178
The regulation of banquets, 1562	p. 178
Regulation of the wearing of pearls, 1562	p. 179
Living well: supper and conversation in Titian's house	p. 180
Living poorly: the squalid lodgings of Anton Francesco Doni, 1550	p. 181
'The Present Face of Religion Here'	p. 183
The Clergy and the People	p. 186
Elections of parish clergy, c.1460, 1517	p. 187
The earthquake of 1511 and the purging of sin and misbelief	p. 188
The clergy and musicians of St Mark's, 1581, 1626	p. 190
The churches of Venice and the education of the clergy, 1604, 1612	p. 193
An English Protestant looks at Venetian religious life, 1608	p. 195
Religious Houses and Reform	p. 197
Splendour and worldliness: Santi Giovanni e Paolo in the 1480s	p. 198
Laxity and strict observance: the reform of nunneries, 1519-21	p. 199
Foundation of a magistracy responsible for convents, 1521	p. 203
Abuses in the convent of San Zaccaria, 1528, 1585	p. 204
The misconduct of nuns' servants, 1528	p. 204
An illicit liaison between a nobleman and a nun, 1585	p. 205
Monks, friars and nuns, c.1580	p. 206
Fraternities of the Laity: the Scuole Grandi and Piccole	p. 209
The rule of a lay fraternity, 1535	p. 210
Criticism of the Scuole Grandi, 1541	p. 213
A smith's rebellion against the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, 1555	p. 216
Conflict and Compromise with the Holy See	p. 218
The Interdict of Pope Sixtus IV, 1482	p. 219
The contest for preferments, 1533	p. 221
The Apostolic Visitation, 1580-1	p. 223
The Interdict of Pope Paul V, 1606	p. 225
The Jesuits, 1619	p. 227
Heresy and Superstition	p. 228
The appointment of three noblemen to attend the Inquisition, 1547, 1551	p. 229
An Anabaptist synod in Venice, 1550	p. 230
Veronese before the Inquisition, 1573	p. 232
Magic and superstition, c.1580	p. 236
Social Orders	p. 239
The Nobility	p. 242
The life cycle and family arrangements	p. 243
The regulation of baptismal ceremonies, 1505	p. 243
The registration of noble births, 1506	p. 244
A marriage contract, 1583	p. 246
Partial division of a fraterna, 1593	p. 248
Clauses from the wills of a nobleman, 1606, 1611	p. 248
A widow hands over her estate to her sons, 1613	p. 250
Death of a patrician, 1527	p. 251
Service to the state	p. 254
An embassy to Spain, 1561	p. 254
Equipping a galley during the War of Cyprus, 1570-1	p. 255
The office of Bailo in Constantinople, 1598	p. 256
Nobles, citizens and people in Venice, c.1618	p. 257
The Citizenry	p. 261
The life cycle and family arrangements	p. 263
Pages from a family chronicle, 1456-1506	p. 263
A merchant's child and his progress, 1509-11	p. 266
The death and burial of a Secretary of the Council of Ten, 1524	p. 268
The citizens, the popolo and the state	p. 268
Nobles and citizens in Venice, 1509	p. 268
Maximilian of Habsburg's appeal to the people of Venice, 1511	p. 271
Service to the state	p. 272
A secretary's career, c.1496-1516	p. 272
Election of the Grand Chancellor, 1511	p. 274
Losing the post of Grand Chancellor, 1581	p. 275
Citizenship by privilege	p. 276
Citizenship at home and abroad, 1552	p. 276
Two citizens of Bergamo seek citizenship of Venice, 1629-30	p. 278
Craftsmen, Boatmen and Porters	p. 280
The craft and wares of the mercers, 1446	p. 281
Charity, ritual and work: the charcoal-bearers, 1479	p. 285
The boatmen of San Toma	p. 286
The craft and the brotherhood: master bakers and German assistants, 1543	p. 287
The protest of the Arsenal craftsmen, 1581	p. 289
The porters at the Arsenal, 1586-8	p. 291
Craftsmen as oarsmen: manning the reserve fleet, 1595	p. 293
Charity and the Poor	p. 295
The General Situation	p. 299
The charities of Venice, 1497	p. 299
The hospitals of Venice, c.1500	p. 302
The general scheme for poor relief, 1529	p. 303
The Poor in Hospital	p. 307
An indulgence for a Venetian hospital, 1487	p. 307
The hospital of the Incurabili, 1522, 1539	p. 308
Chronically sick beggars are compelled to enter the hospital	p. 308
The governing-body of the hospital	p. 309
Foundlings and orphans	p. 310
Adoption of a child from the foundling-hospital	p. 310
Wages of orphans working outside the hospital of the Derelitti at Santi Giovanni e Paolo	p. 310
Raising money by singing	p. 312
Making sails for the Arsenal	p. 312
Child abandonment and the hospital of the Pieta	p. 313
Responsibilities of the Mendicanti and other hospitals, 1619	p. 314
The House Poor and the Shamefaced Poor	p. 316
The poor brothers of the Scuola Grande della Misericordia, 1478	p. 316
Requests for aid from the Scuole Grandi, 1558-93	p. 317
Antonio, shoemaker of Rio Marin	p. 317
Filomena Stella, widow of Paulo d'Anna, formerly Guardian Grande of the Scuola Grande di San Rocco	p. 319
The shamefaced poor, 1596	p. 320
'Most of their People are Foreigners'	p. 323
The Germans	p. 328
German merchants and the exchange house, 1475	p. 328
House rules for the new Fondaco dei Tedeschi, 1508	p. 329
Heresy and irreligion among the Germans of Venice, c.1580	p. 330
Auctioning the Black Eagle inn, 1630	p. 331
The Greeks	p. 333
The church and the Scuola at San Biagio in Castello, 1470, 1498	p. 333
The church of San Giorgio dei Greci, 1511	p. 334
A preacher censured for attacking the Greeks, 1596	p. 336
'Ebrei Tedeschi': the Germanic and Italian Jews	p. 338
The 'Geto at San Hieronimo', 1516	p. 338
The conversion of a Jew to Christianity, c.1569	p. 339
Licence for a Jewish physician, 1589	p. 340
Moneylending and the second-hand trade, 1624	p. 342
'Ebrei Levantini e Ponentini': the Sephardic Jews	p. 344
Levantine Jews and the Ghetto Vecchio, 1541	p. 344
Motives for expelling the Marranos, 1550	p. 345
The charter of the Jewish merchants, 1589	p. 346
The Turks	p. 350
House rules for the new Fondaco dei Turchi, 1621	p. 350
Cultural Life: Learning and Literature, Book-Publishing, Entertainment	p. 353
The Promotion of Learning and Literature	p. 355
The origins of St Mark's library: Cardinal Bessarion's gift, 1468	p. 357
Humanist historiography for Venice: a justification, 1487	p. 359
The impact of printing: Aldus's workshop as an intellectual centre	p. 360
The Rialto School of philosophy in session, 1524	p. 361
Bembo's acknowledgement of Tuscan superiority in language	p. 361
The establishment of schools in the sestieri, 1551	p. 362
The Venetian Academy and its programme of universal knowledge, 1560	p. 364
Sarpi's presence in intellectual circles, c.1600	p. 367
The Business Organization of Early Printing and Publishing	p. 369
A contract between two Germans to print Bibles, 1478	p. 370
Copyright legislation to protect Sabellicus's History of Venice, 1486	p. 371
Two partners petition for copyright to print classical Greek authors, 1497	p. 372
Jacopo de'Barbari's panoramic view of Venice: petition for copyright, 1500	p. 373
Business records of Aldus Manutius and Andrea di Asola, 1500-1	p. 373
The printing of music: a composer in search of an agent, 1536	p. 374
Entertainment	p. 376
The Statutes of the Modesti, a Company of the Hose, 1487	p. 377
Comedies sponsored by a Company of the Hose during Carnival, 1525	p. 380
Entertainment in the Doge's Palace during Carnival, 1526	p. 380
Role reversal: masquerades during Carnival, 1533	p. 381
Aquatic spectacle: a mock naval battle, 1530	p. 381
Commissions for verse and music, 1534	p. 382
Reopening of theatres after the Interdict, 1607	p. 383
The Visual Arts	p. 385
Art for the State, Confraternities and Churches	p. 387
Literary praise for art and artists	p. 390
The benefits to Jacopo Sansovino of working in Venice, 1537	p. 390
Venetian art explained to foreign visitors, 1561	p. 391
Secular commissions and political imagery	p. 393
Perugino's contract to paint in the Hall of the Great Council, 1494	p. 393
The clocktower on the Piazza, 1496-1500	p. 394
Doge Loredan's perceptions of political imagery, 1509	p. 396
Political iconography of a flagstaff base in the Piazza, c.1542	p. 398
A programme for redecorating the Ducal Palace after the fire of 1577	p. 400
The ceiling-framework for the hall of the Senate, 1578-82	p. 401
A design for the new Rialto Bridge, 1587	p. 404
Art in the service of diplomacy	p. 405
Mantuan artists refused permission to copy a map, 1506	p. 405
A picture for the sister of the King of France, 1515-16	p. 406
Art in conflict with government	p. 408
Venetian sculptors and stonemasons object to foreign competition, 1491	p. 408
Durer is prosecuted by the Painters' Guild, 1506	p. 408
Control over expenditure by the Procurators of St Mark's on portraits, 1580	p. 409
Order for the destruction of a statute at Belluno, 1623	p. 410
Art for confraternities and churches	p. 410
A commission from the Scuola della Carita, 1539	p. 410
Faked mosaic work at St Mark's: Titian's evidence, 1563	p. 412
Contract of Veronese for the refectory of San Giorgio Maggiore, 1562	p. 414
The resolution to build the church of Santa Maria della Salute, 1630	p. 414
Private Commissions	p. 417
An overseas order for a devotional picture, 1473	p. 418
Doge Agostino Barbarigo's altarpiece	p. 418
Lotto alters a portrait to please a friend, 1542	p. 419
Lotto paints his landlord's family, 1547	p. 420
Sacred and profane pictures for the King of Spain, 1554	p. 421
Doge Marino Grimani orders marble sculpture for his tomb, 1601	p. 422
Collections, Connoisseurs and Critical Values	p. 423
Andrea Odoni's collection, 1532	p. 424
A problem of attribution, 1529	p. 427
Gabriel Vendramin describes and justifies his collection, 1548	p. 428
Architectural style for the Duke of Milan's house in Venice, 1461	p. 429
A comparison of Giovanni Bellini with later painters	p. 431
Aretino encourages and criticizes Tintoretto, 1548	p. 431
Palladio criticized in a dispute with the Scuola dei Mercanti, 1572	p. 432
Working-Practice, Technique and Style of Life	p. 434
The property of a prosperous and literate painter, 1461	p. 435
Durer's comments on Venetian artists, 1506	p. 437
A painter's day-to-day expenses, 1541	p. 438
Lotto takes an apprentice, 1548	p. 439
The elderly Titian at work	p. 440
A sculptor orders his own tomb, 1576	p. 441
References	p. 443
Glossary	p. 460
Index	p. 465
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Venice

A Documentary History, 1450-1630

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