| List of boxes, figures and tables | p. vi |
| Acknowledgements | p. x |
| Using evidence - introducing the issues | p. 1 |
| Research (sometimes) matters | p. 1 |
| Introducing this text | p. 2 |
| Settings of interest | p. 4 |
| Research use and the evidence-based policy and practice agenda | p. 10 |
| How does research fit with evidence? | p. 20 |
| Structure of the book | p. 26 |
| Our own ways of knowing | p. 29 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 30 |
| What does it mean to 'use' research evidence? | p. 33 |
| The different ways research can be used | p. 34 |
| Research use typologies | p. 36 |
| From fixed typologies to fluidity and ambiguity in research use | p. 45 |
| Research use as a series of stages | p. 46 |
| The 'misuse' of research | p. 51 |
| Research use as replication or innovation | p. 53 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 58 |
| What shapes the use of research? | p. 61 |
| The routes through which research enters policy and practice | p. 61 |
| Factors shaping the use of research | p. 66 |
| Research use realities | p. 81 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 88 |
| Descriptive models of the research impact process | p. 91 |
| Models of the research-policy relationship | p. 92 |
| Models of the research-practice relationship | p. 111 |
| Understanding research use - the importance of interaction | p. 119 |
| Postmodern accounts of research use | p. 120 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 122 |
| Improving the use of research: what's been tried and what might work? | p. 125 |
| Taxonomies of strategies to improve the use of research | p. 126 |
| What works? Evidence on the effectiveness of different strategies and mechanisms for promoting the use of research | p. 130 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 150 |
| What can we learn from the literature on learning, knowledge management and the diffusion of innovations? | p. 155 |
| Learning: individual and organisational | p. 156 |
| Knowledge management | p. 168 |
| Diffusion of innovations | p. 176 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 192 |
| Improving research use in practice contexts | p. 195 |
| Multifaceted initiatives: combining different mechanisms to promote research use | p. 196 |
| Ways of thinking about and developing research-informed practice | p. 199 |
| The research-based practitioner model | p. 205 |
| The embedded research model | p. 210 |
| The organisational excellence model | p. 214 |
| Hybrids and archetypes | p. 218 |
| The role of government in promoting research use in practice contexts | p. 221 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 226 |
| Improving research use in policy contexts | p. 231 |
| Research supply-side initiatives | p. 233 |
| Research demand-side initiatives | p. 240 |
| Assumptions embedded in supply and demand perspectives | p. 245 |
| Between supply and demand | p. 246 |
| Managing supply and demand, and the potential politicisation of research | p. 252 |
| Improving research use by drawing on broader models of policy influence | p. 254 |
| The national policy context | p. 263 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 268 |
| How can we assess research use and wider research impact? | p. 271 |
| Why assess research impacts? | p. 272 |
| The purpose and focus of assessing impact | p. 273 |
| Approaches to assessing impact | p. 275 |
| The importance of conceptualising research use when exploring research impact | p. 282 |
| Methodological considerations in research impact assessment | p. 287 |
| Reflective questions to aid impact assessment design | p. 290 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 293 |
| Drawing some conclusions on Using evidence | p. 297 |
| Research does matter - but research, and its uses, are diverse | p. 298 |
| Research use is complex and contingent | p. 300 |
| Insights for developing research use strategies | p. 305 |
| Practical implications for increasing research use | p. 311 |
| Inclusive views of research - implications for wider evidence | p. 315 |
| Research use requires more study | p. 316 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 319 |
| References | p. 321 |
| Index | p. 355 |
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