User-Centred Requirements Engineering

By: Alistair Sutcliffe

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Paperback | 28 May 2002

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234 Pages

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22.86 x 15.24 x 1.91

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If you have picked up this book and are browsing the Preface, you may well be asking yourself"What makes this book different from the large number I can find on amazon. com?". Well, the answer is a blend of the academic and the practical, and views of the subject you won't get from anybody else: how psychology and linguistics influence the field of requirements engineering (RE). The title might seem to be a bit of a conundrum; after all, surely requirements come from people so all requirements should be user-centred. Sadly, that is not always so; many system disasters have been caused simply because requirements engineering was not user-centred or, worse still, was not practised at all. So this book is about putting the people back into com puting, although not simply from the HCI (human-computer interaction) sense; instead, the focus is on how to understand what people want and then build appropriate computer systems.

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Technology in General Engineering in General Computing & I.T.Computer Science Systems Analysis & Design Computer Programming & Software Development Software Engineering Human-Computer Interaction Digital Lifestyle & Online World: Consumer & User Guides Internet Guides & Online Services

Operating Systems Portable & Handheld Devices User Guides Mathematical Theory of Computation Computer Architecture & Logic Design

Introduction	p. 1
Motivation for Requirements Engineering	p. 1
A Little History	p. 5
People, Communication and Requirements	p. 6
A Framework for RE	p. 7
Requirements Types and RE Pathways	p. 11
Constraints on Design	p. 13
Documenting Requirements	p. 15
Summary	p. 18
Understanding People	p. 19
Introduction	p. 19
Cognitive Models	p. 19
Speech and Language	p. 21
Memory	p. 21
Working Memory	p. 21
Long-term Memory	p. 22
Thinking and Problem Solving	p. 27
Mental Models	p. 29
Levels of Reasoning	p. 30
Attention	p. 31
Motivation and Arousal	p. 32
Motivation	p. 32
Arousal	p. 33
Stress and Fatigue	p. 34
Human Error	p. 35
Social Issues	p. 38
Power	p. 38
Trust	p. 40
Summary	p. 42
RE Tasks and Processes	p. 45
Requirements Elicitation	p. 45
Scoping	p. 47
Analysis	p. 48
Goal Analysis	p. 48
Event Analysis	p. 50
Analysis Techniques	p. 51
Managing Negotiation	p. 57
Processes for Discovering and Refining Requirements	p. 61
Policy-Driven Requirements	p. 61
Problem-Initiated Requirements	p. 63
Requirements-by-Example	p. 64
Requirements Imposed by the External Environment	p. 67
RE for Different Target Products	p. 68
The Market Dimension	p. 69
The Specific to Generic Dimension	p. 72
The Service Dimension	p. 75
Summary	p. 77
Understanding Requirements Conversations	p. 79
Introduction to Discourse Theory	p. 79
Conversations and Context	p. 82
Conversation Structures	p. 84
Non-Verbal Communication	p. 86
Dialogue Acts and Patterns	p. 87
Requirements Elicitation	p. 88
Analysis and Modelling Dialogues	p. 96
Refining Requirements	p. 98
Validation Dialogues	p. 98
Negotiation Dialogues	p. 100
Summary	p. 102
Representing the Problem	p. 103
Representation Criteria	p. 103
Representations and Information Requirements	p. 106
Media and Representation	p. 109
Choosing Representations for RE Tasks	p. 113
Requirements Acquisition and Fact Capture	p. 113
Analysis and Modelling	p. 114
Validation	p. 116
Negotiation	p. 117
Delivering Representations on Artefacts	p. 118
Representational Paradigms	p. 119
Informal Models and Records	p. 119
Formal Models	p. 120
Scenarios	p. 121
Prototypes	p. 122
Design Rationale and Claims	p. 122
Summary	p. 125
Scenario-Based Requirements Engineering (SCRAM)	p. 127
Background	p. 127
Initial Requirements Capture	p. 129
Goal Analysis	p. 129
Storyboarding and Design Visioning	p. 130
Requirements Exploration	p. 132
Session Design	p. 133
Contextual Scenario	p. 133
Walkthrough Approach	p. 136
Operational Guidance for Analysis Sessions	p. 136
Questioning Strategies	p. 137
Session Summary	p. 139
Post-Session Analysis	p. 140
Prototyping and Requirements Validation	p. 141
Session Design	p. 142
Data Collection and Analysis	p. 143
Postscript	p. 146
Summary	p. 147
Requirements Analysis for Safety Critical Systems	p. 149
Problems and Issues in Safety Critical Systems	p. 149
Analyzing Requirements for Dependable Systems	p. 150
Influencing Factors	p. 151
Safety Critical Scenario Analysis	p. 155
Event Pattern Analysis	p. 163
Modelling Combinations of Influencing Factors	p. 165
Results of Causal Analysis	p. 170
Linking Human Errors to Requirements	p. 173
Case Study: Consequence Analysis	p. 177
Formal Reasoning About Safety	p. 179
Summary	p. 180
Future Directions	p. 181
Requirements and Design	p. 181
Requirements for Service-Oriented Software	p. 183
High-Level Requirements Languages	p. 186
Natural Language Requirements	p. 186
Multiple Methods	p. 188
Comparison of Approaches	p. 191
Requirements and Software Evolution	p. 193
RE Challenges	p. 197
Summary	p. 200
References	p. 201
Index	p. 211
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

User-Centred Requirements Engineering

At a Glance

Paperback

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