| Foreword | p. vii |
| Preface | p. xvii |
| Color Plates | |
| Scenario-Based Usability Engineering | p. 1 |
| Design by Scenario: Marissa's Gravity Project | p. 1 |
| Managing Software Development | p. 5 |
| Software Engineering | p. 5 |
| Prototyping and Iterative Development | p. 8 |
| Usability in Software Development | p. 9 |
| The Emergence of Usability | p. 9 |
| Usability Engineering | p. 14 |
| Scenario-Based Usability Engineering | p. 15 |
| User Interaction Scenarios | p. 16 |
| Why Scenarios? | p. 20 |
| Doing Scenario-Based Usability Engineering | p. 24 |
| Analysis | p. 25 |
| Design | p. 26 |
| Prototyping and Evaluation | p. 27 |
| Other Approaches | p. 28 |
| Example-Based Learning of SBD | p. 29 |
| Case Study: A Virtual Science Fair in MOOsburg | p. 29 |
| Summary and Review | p. 33 |
| Exercises | p. 34 |
| Project Ideas | p. 34 |
| Recommended Reading | p. 35 |
| Analyzing Requirements | p. 37 |
| Analyzing Work Practices | p. 38 |
| Getting Users Involved | p. 43 |
| Science Fair Case Study: Requirements Analysis | p. 48 |
| Root Concept | p. 49 |
| Analysis of Current Practice | p. 51 |
| Summarizing the Field Data | p. 54 |
| Problem Scenarios and Claims | p. 64 |
| Scenarios and Claims as Requirements | p. 75 |
| Summary and Review | p. 76 |
| Exercises | p. 77 |
| Project Ideas | p. 77 |
| Recommended Reading | p. 78 |
| Activity Design | p. 79 |
| Designing Effective Activities | p. 81 |
| Designing Comprehensible Activities | p. 84 |
| Designing Satisfying Activities | p. 88 |
| Science Fair Case Study: Activity Design | p. 91 |
| Exploring the Activity Design Space | p. 92 |
| Activity Design Scenarios and Claims | p. 94 |
| Refining the Activity Design | p. 101 |
| Participatory Design | p. 104 |
| Coherence and Completeness | p. 105 |
| Summary and Review | p. 106 |
| Exercises | p. 107 |
| Project Ideas | p. 107 |
| Recommended Reading | p. 108 |
| Information Design | p. 109 |
| Stages of Action in Human-Computer Interaction | p. 110 |
| Perceiving Information | p. 111 |
| Gestalt Perception | p. 113 |
| Organization in User Interface Displays | p. 114 |
| Interpreting Information | p. 119 |
| Familiarity | p. 119 |
| Realism and Refinement | p. 122 |
| Recognizing Affordances | p. 124 |
| Making Sense of Information | p. 125 |
| Consistency | p. 127 |
| Visual Metaphors | p. 128 |
| Information Models | p. 130 |
| Dynamic Displays | p. 131 |
| Science Fair Case Study: Information Design | p. 137 |
| Exploring the Information Design Space | p. 138 |
| Information Scenarios and Claims | p. 141 |
| Refining the Information Scenarios | p. 149 |
| Consistency and Coherence | p. 155 |
| Summary and Review | p. 155 |
| Exercises | p. 156 |
| Project Ideas | p. 157 |
| Recommended Reading | p. 157 |
| Interaction Design | p. 159 |
| Selecting a System Goal | p. 161 |
| Interaction Style | p. 161 |
| Opportunistic Goals | p. 163 |
| Planning an Action Sequence | p. 164 |
| Making Actions Obvious | p. 165 |
| Simplifying Complex Plans | p. 166 |
| Flexibility | p. 168 |
| Executing an Action Sequence | p. 171 |
| Directness | p. 171 |
| Feedback and Undo | p. 174 |
| Optimizing Performance | p. 176 |
| Science Fair Case Study: Interaction Design | p. 178 |
| Exploring the Interaction Design Space | p. 179 |
| Interaction Scenarios and Claims | p. 182 |
| Refining the Interaction Scenarios | p. 188 |
| Summary and Review | p. 192 |
| Exercises | p. 193 |
| Project Ideas | p. 194 |
| Recommended Reading | p. 195 |
| Prototyping | p. 197 |
| Exploring User Requirements | p. 198 |
| Choosing Among Alternatives | p. 201 |
| Usability Testing | p. 204 |
| Evolutionary Development | p. 207 |
| Science Fair Case Study: Prototyping | p. 209 |
| Scenario Mock-ups | p. 210 |
| Scenario Machines | p. 212 |
| Prototyping Alternatives | p. 217 |
| Evolutionary Development | p. 221 |
| Summary and Review | p. 223 |
| Exercises | p. 224 |
| Project Ideas | p. 225 |
| Recommended Reading | p. 225 |
| Usability Evaluation | p. 227 |
| Usability Specification for Evaluation | p. 230 |
| Analytic Methods | p. 232 |
| Usability Inspection | p. 233 |
| Model-Based Analysis | p. 235 |
| Empirical Methods | p. 238 |
| Field Studies | p. 238 |
| Usability Testing in a Laboratory | p. 241 |
| Controlled Experiments | p. 244 |
| Science Fair Case Study: Usability Evaluation | p. 247 |
| Usability Inspection | p. 248 |
| Developing Usability Specifications | p. 250 |
| Testing Usability Specifications | p. 252 |
| Assessing and Refining Usability Specifications | p. 268 |
| Summary and Review | p. 269 |
| Exercises | p. 270 |
| Project Ideas | p. 271 |
| Recommended Readings | p. 271 |
| User Documentation | p. 273 |
| The Production Paradox | p. 274 |
| Paper and Online Manuals | p. 276 |
| Demonstrations and Tutorials | p. 280 |
| Information in the Interface | p. 284 |
| Socially Mediated Documentation | p. 287 |
| Using Context and Intelligence | p. 290 |
| Science Fair Case Study: Documentation Design | p. 292 |
| Exploring the Documentation Design Space | p. 292 |
| Documentation Scenarios and Claims | p. 295 |
| Refining the Documentation | p. 300 |
| Summary and Review | p. 300 |
| Exercises | p. 301 |
| Project Ideas | p. 302 |
| Recommended Reading | p. 302 |
| Emerging Paradigms for User Interaction | p. 303 |
| Collaborative Systems | p. 306 |
| Ubiquitous Computing | p. 313 |
| Intelligent User Interfaces | p. 317 |
| Natural Language and Multimodal Interaction | p. 318 |
| Software Agents | p. 321 |
| Simulation and Virtual Reality | p. 326 |
| Science Fair Case Study: Emerging Interaction Paradigms | p. 329 |
| Collaboration in the Science Fair | p. 330 |
| Ubiquitous Computing in the Science Fair | p. 332 |
| Intelligence in the Science Fair | p. 334 |
| Simulating Reality in the Science Fair | p. 336 |
| Refining the Interaction Design | p. 338 |
| Summary and Review | p. 338 |
| Exercises | p. 339 |
| Project Ideas | p. 340 |
| Recommended Reading | p. 340 |
| Usability Engineering in Practice | p. 341 |
| Usability in Organizations | p. 342 |
| Usability Specialists in a Development Team | p. 342 |
| Cost-Justifying Usability | p. 345 |
| Internationalization and Localization | p. 349 |
| User Interface Standards | p. 349 |
| Localization | p. 351 |
| Ethics of Usability | p. 352 |
| Changing Scope of Computing | p. 353 |
| The Digital Divide | p. 355 |
| Meeting the Needs of Special Populations | p. 356 |
| Technology Evolution and Unintended Consequences | p. 358 |
| Summary and Review | p. 360 |
| Exercises | p. 360 |
| Project Ideas | p. 361 |
| Recommended Readings | p. 361 |
| Inferential Statistics | p. 363 |
| Glossary | p. 373 |
| References | p. 385 |
| Figure Credits | p. 403 |
| Index | p. 405 |
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