Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
Chapter 1: Barriers and their Social Meaning 1
Design as Evolution 1
Barriers as a Universal Experience 3
Barriers in Intellectual Life 4
Social Functions of Space 8
Socio-spatial Order 12
Origins of Universal Design 15
Summary 24
Review Topics 24
References 24
Chapter 2: Defining Universal Design 27
Introduction 27
Emergence of Universal Design 27
Definition 28
Origins 30
Modernism and the Modernist Style 31
Critiques of Modernist Style 33
Return to Human-Centered Design 34
Summary 42
Review Topics 42
References 42
Chapter 3: The New Demographics 45
Demography for Universal Design 45
Uses of Demography in Design 48
Beneficiaries of Universal Design 49
Demography: Points to Remember 60
Summary 62
Review Topics 63
References 63
Chapter 4: Practicing Universal Design 67
Introduction 67
Universal Design as Innovation 67
Tools for Increasing Adoption 70
Introducing Universal Design to Practice 82
Improving Practice 86
Summary 91
Review Topics 91
References 92
Chapter 5: Design for Human Performance 95
Introduction 95
Anthropometry 96
Biomechanics 103
Perception 108
Cognition 119
Summary 129
Review Topics 132
References 132
Chapter 6: Design For Health and Wellness 137
Introduction 137
What are Health and Wellness? 139
Injury Protection 140
Disease Prevention 142
Low-Resource Settings 147
Mental Health 149
Health Impact Assessments 152
Designing for Health and Wellness Guidelines 152
Summary 153
Review Topics 153
References 153
Chapter 7: Design for Social Participation 159
Introduction 159
Social Construction Theory 160
Interpersonal Interaction 163
Access to Resources 167
Segregation and Clustering 172
Design Participation 177
Summary 181
Review Topics 185
References 185
Chapter 8: Public Accommodations 187
Introduction 187
The Purpose of Accessible Design 188
Universal Design Strategies 197
The Future 213
Summary 214
Review Topics 220
References 220
Chapter 9: Housing 223
Evolution of Accessible Housing Policy 223
Community-Based Rehabilitation and Special-Purpose Housing 236
Neighborhood Context 238
Summary 242
Review Topics 243
References 244
Chapter 10: Home Modifications 245
Danise Levine
Introduction 245
Target Populations 246
Purpose of Home Modifications 248
Common Needs and Solutions 253
Home Assessments 261
Barriers to Service Delivery 263
Policy 265
Knowledge Needs 268
Summary 269
Review Topics 270
References 271
Chapter 11: Universal Design and the Interior Environment 275
Mary Jane Carroll
Introduction 275
Wayfinding 276
Acoustics 279
Lighting 282
Color 287
Furnishings 292
Floor Coverings 299
Summary 302
Review Topics 304
References 304
Chapter 12: Product Design 307
Heamchand Subryan
Introduction 307
Assistive Technology 310
Knowledge Translation Problem 312
Changing Marketplace 316
Smarter Products 321
Case Studies 327
Summary 334
Review Topics 335
References 335
Chapter 13: Public Transportation and Universal Design 339
Introduction 339
Background 339
Access to Public Transportation 340
Components of Public Transportation Systems 342
Progress around the World 362
Summary 363
Review Topics 364
References 365
Index 369
