
Understanding Agent Systems
By:Â Mark d'Inverno, Michael Luck
Hardcover | 9 October 2003 | Edition Number 2
At a Glance
266 Pages
Revised
23.5 x 15.88 x 1.91
Hardcover
$169.00
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Industry Reviews
From the reviews of the second edition:
An excellent book that lays out a clear conceptual framework for studying and analysing agent-based systems.
Nick Jennings
Mark d'Inverno and Michael Luck have, over the last six or seven years, been at the forefront of European research in agent systems. This book poses some important foundational questions about agents and their interactions in multi-agent systems and answers them in a coherent and convincing way. It's an extremely valuable contribution to the field.
Michael Georgeff
It is undoubtedly a clear and most comprehensive attempt to describe agent-based systems in a unified manner.
Simon Parsons
"This book presents a formal approach to dealing with agents and agent systems. ... The methodology presented takes a very significant step towards organising and structuring the diverse and disparate landscape of agent-based systems by applying formal methods to develop a defining andencompassing agent framework. The book will appeal equally to researchers, students, and professionals in industry." (PHINEWS, Vol. 7, 2005)
"The book consists of twelve chapters on two-hundred forty pages and contains a representative list of nearly two hundred references. Each chapter ends with a summary briefly outlining the main ideas. The significant ideas are illustrated by well chosen examples. ... The book is useful for everybody interested in agent-based systems ... . For his/her benefit, he/she gets didactically a perfect book presenting a unified view of a heterogeneous field of agent-based systems." (Tomas Brandejsky, Neural Network World, Vol. 14 (5), 2004)
| The Agent Landscape | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Agents | p. 3 |
| Terminology | p. 3 |
| Problems with Definition | p. 5 |
| Multi-Agent Systems | p. 6 |
| Desiderata for a Conceptual View of Agents | p. 7 |
| A Formal Framework for Agent Definition and Development | p. 8 |
| Formal Frameworks | p. 8 |
| Notation | p. 9 |
| Specification Structure Diagrams | p. 10 |
| The SMART Agent Framework | p. 15 |
| Introduction | p. 15 |
| Initial Concepts | p. 15 |
| Entities | p. 19 |
| Entity State | p. 20 |
| Entity Operations | p. 21 |
| Objects | p. 21 |
| Object Behaviour | p. 22 |
| Object State | p. 22 |
| Object Operations | p. 23 |
| Agents | p. 24 |
| Introduction | p. 24 |
| Agent Specification | p. 24 |
| Agent Perception | p. 26 |
| Agent Action | p. 27 |
| Agent State | p. 27 |
| Agent Operations | p. 28 |
| Autonomy | p. 29 |
| Introduction | p. 29 |
| Autonomous Agent Specification | p. 30 |
| Autonomous Agent Perception | p. 31 |
| Autonomous Agent Action | p. 31 |
| Autonomous Agent State | p. 32 |
| Autonomous Agent Operations | p. 32 |
| Applying SMART: Tropistic Agents | p. 33 |
| Tropistic Agents | p. 33 |
| Reformulating Perception | p. 33 |
| Reformulating Action | p. 34 |
| Discussion | p. 35 |
| Specification Structure of SMART | p. 35 |
| Related Work | p. 38 |
| Summary | p. 39 |
| Agent Relationships | p. 41 |
| Introduction | p. 41 |
| Multi-Agent Systems | p. 42 |
| Multi-Agent System Definition | p. 42 |
| Server-Agents and Neutral-Objects | p. 42 |
| Multi-Agent System Specification | p. 43 |
| Goal Generation | p. 44 |
| Discussion | p. 44 |
| Goal Generation Specification | p. 45 |
| Goal Adoption | p. 47 |
| Goal Adoption by Neutral-Objects | p. 48 |
| Goal Adoption by Server-Agents | p. 50 |
| Autonomous Goal Adoption | p. 51 |
| Autonomous Goal Destruction | p. 52 |
| Engagement | p. 53 |
| Direct Engagement | p. 53 |
| Direct Engagements in a Multi-Agent System | p. 55 |
| Engagement Chains | p. 55 |
| Engagement Chains in a Multi-Agent System | p. 57 |
| Cooperation | p. 58 |
| Cooperations in a Multi-Agent System | p. 59 |
| Discussion and Example | p. 60 |
| The Agent Society | p. 61 |
| Agent Relationships Taxonomy | p. 63 |
| Direct Engagement Relation | p. 63 |
| Generic Engagement Relation | p. 63 |
| Indirect Engagement Relation | p. 64 |
| Generic Ownership Relation | p. 65 |
| Direct Ownership Relation | p. 65 |
| Unique Ownership Relation | p. 66 |
| Specific Ownership Relation | p. 66 |
| Generic Cooperation Relation | p. 67 |
| Summary | p. 68 |
| An Operational Analysis of Agent Relationships | p. 71 |
| Introduction | p. 71 |
| Initial Concepts | p. 72 |
| Making Engagements | p. 74 |
| Breaking Engagements | p. 79 |
| Joining Cooperations | p. 81 |
| Leaving Cooperations | p. 83 |
| An Illustrative Example | p. 86 |
| Summary | p. 91 |
| Sociological Agents | p. 93 |
| Introduction | p. 93 |
| Agent Store | p. 94 |
| Applying Smart: Hysteretic Agents | p. 98 |
| Applying Smart: Knowledge-Based Agents | p. 99 |
| Agent Models | p. 101 |
| Entity Models | p. 101 |
| Sociological Agents | p. 102 |
| Modelling the Motivations of Others | p. 106 |
| Modelling the Models of Others | p. 108 |
| Agent Plans | p. 110 |
| Introduction | p. 110 |
| Plan-Agents | p. 110 |
| Multi-Agent Plans | p. 112 |
| Multi-Agent Plan-Agents | p. 116 |
| Sociological Plan-Agents | p. 117 |
| An Illustrative Example | p. 120 |
| Modelling the Plans of Others | p. 124 |
| Summary | p. 124 |
| Autonomous Interaction | p. 127 |
| Introduction | p. 127 |
| Speech Acts | p. 127 |
| Problems with Autonomous Interaction | p. 128 |
| Pre-determined Agenda | p. 128 |
| Benevolence | p. 129 |
| Guaranteed Effects | p. 129 |
| Automatic Intention Recognition | p. 129 |
| Multi-Agent Modelling | p. 129 |
| Summary | p. 130 |
| A Model of Autonomous Interaction | p. 130 |
| Sociological Goal Generation | p. 131 |
| Agent Interaction | p. 131 |
| Prediction | p. 133 |
| Experimentation | p. 133 |
| Observation and Evaluation | p. 134 |
| Revision | p. 136 |
| Summary | p. 136 |
| The Contract Net as a Goal Directed System | p. 139 |
| Introduction | p. 139 |
| Contract Net Protocol | p. 139 |
| Contract Net Components | p. 141 |
| Nodes | p. 141 |
| Agents | p. 141 |
| Monitor Agents | p. 142 |
| Idle Nodes | p. 142 |
| Server-Agents | p. 142 |
| Contract Net Relationships | p. 143 |
| Contract Net State | p. 146 |
| Task Announcements | p. 146 |
| Bids | p. 146 |
| System State | p. 147 |
| Contract Net Protocol | p. 147 |
| Axiomatic Definitions | p. 147 |
| Making Task Announcements | p. 148 |
| Making Bids | p. 149 |
| Awarding Contracts | p. 150 |
| Terminating Contracts | p. 151 |
| Summary | p. 152 |
| Computational Architecture for BDI Agents | p. 155 |
| Introduction | p. 155 |
| AgentSpeak(L) | p. 155 |
| Types | p. 156 |
| Beliefs | p. 157 |
| Events | p. 157 |
| Plans | p. 158 |
| Intentions | p. 159 |
| AgentSpeak(L) Agents | p. 159 |
| AgentSpeak(L) Agent Operation | p. 160 |
| Summary | p. 165 |
| Evaluating Social Dependence Networks | p. 167 |
| Introduction | p. 167 |
| Social Dependence Networks | p. 167 |
| Action and Resource Autonomy | p. 169 |
| Dependence Relations | p. 169 |
| Dependence Situations | p. 169 |
| External Descriptions | p. 169 |
| Introduction | p. 169 |
| SDN in SMART | p. 170 |
| Formalising External Descriptions | p. 172 |
| Action and Resource Autonomy | p. 173 |
| Dependence Relations | p. 175 |
| Dependence Situations | p. 178 |
| Summary | p. 180 |
| Normative Agents | p. 183 |
| Introduction | p. 183 |
| Norms | p. 184 |
| Obligations and Prohibitions | p. 185 |
| Social Commitments | p. 186 |
| Social Codes | p. 186 |
| Chains of Norms | p. 187 |
| Norm Instances | p. 187 |
| Interlocking Norms | p. 188 |
| Normative Agents | p. 189 |
| Normative Multi-Agent Systems | p. 190 |
| Normative Roles | p. 191 |
| Norm Dynamics | p. 192 |
| Changing Norms | p. 192 |
| Norm States | p. 193 |
| Norm Compliance | p. 195 |
| Enforcement Mechanisms | p. 195 |
| Normative Agent State | p. 196 |
| The Norm Compliance Process | p. 197 |
| Conclusions | p. 198 |
| actSMART: Building a SMART System | p. 201 |
| Introduction | p. 201 |
| An Example | p. 202 |
| actSMART Agent Implementation | p. 203 |
| Design Principles | p. 203 |
| Java for Agent Systems | p. 204 |
| Jini | p. 204 |
| eXtensible Markup Language | p. 205 |
| Agent construction model for actSMART | p. 206 |
| Object and Agent Creation in actSMART | p. 207 |
| Neutral-Object | p. 207 |
| Autonomous Agents | p. 208 |
| Example architecture | p. 209 |
| Engaging Neutral-Objects | p. 210 |
| Conclusions | p. 211 |
| Conclusions | p. 213 |
| Summary | p. 213 |
| The SMART Framework | p. 213 |
| Agent Relationships | p. 213 |
| Agent Architectures | p. 214 |
| Evaluation | p. 214 |
| Generality | p. 215 |
| Application | p. 215 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 216 |
| The Z Specification Language | p. 219 |
| Introduction to Z | p. 219 |
| Generic Z Definitions | p. 222 |
| Sets | p. 222 |
| Relations | p. 223 |
| Functions | p. 224 |
| Sequences | p. 225 |
| References | p. 227 |
| Index | p. 237 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9783540407003
ISBN-10: 3540407006
Series: Springer Series on Agent Technology
Published: 9th October 2003
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 266
Audience: General Adult
Publisher: Springer Nature B.V.
Country of Publication: DE
Edition Number: 2
Edition Type: Revised
Dimensions (cm): 23.5 x 15.88 x 1.91
Weight (kg): 0.52
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