| Quantum-like Paradigm | p. 1 |
| Applications of Mathematical Apparatus of QM Outside of Physics | p. 1 |
| Irreducible Quantum Randomness, Copenhagen Interpretation | p. 2 |
| Quantum Reductionism in Biology and Cognitive Science | p. 3 |
| Statistical (or Ensemble) Interpretation of QM | p. 4 |
| No-Go Theorems | p. 5 |
| Einstein's and Bohr's Views on Realism | p. 6 |
| Quantum and Quantum-like Models | p. 7 |
| Quantum-like Representation Algorithm – QLRA | p. 7 |
| Non-Kolmogorov Probability | p. 8 |
| Contextual Probabilistic Model – Växjö Model | p. 9 |
| Experimental Verification | p. 10 |
| Violation of Savage's Sure Thing Principle | p. 11 |
| Quantum-like Description of the Financial Market | p. 11 |
| Quantum and Quantum-like Games | p. 13 |
| Terminology: Context, Contextual Probability, Contextuality | p. 14 |
| Formula of Total Probability | p. 15 |
| Formula of Total Probability with Interference Term | p. 15 |
| Quantum-like Representation of Contexts | p. 16 |
| Classical (Kolmogorovian) and Quantum (Born) Probability | p. 19 |
| Kolmogorovian Probabilistic Model | p. 19 |
| Probability Space | p. 19 |
| Conditional Probability | p. 22 |
| Formula of Total Probability | p. 24 |
| Probabilistic Incompatibility: Bell–Boole Inequalities | p. 25 |
| Views of Boole, Kolmogorov, and Vorob'ev | p. 26 |
| Bell's and Wigner's Inequalities | p. 28 |
| Bell-type Inequalities for Conditional Probabilities | p. 28 |
| Quantum Probabilistic Model | p. 29 |
| Postulates | p. 30 |
| Quantization | p. 33 |
| Interpretations of Wave Function | p. 34 |
| Quantum Conditional Probability | p. 35 |
| Interference of Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics | p. 36 |
| Contextual Point of View of Interference | p. 38 |
| Bell's Inequality in Quantum Physics | p. 38 |
| Växjö Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics | p. 40 |
| Contextual Probabilistic Model – Växjö model | p. 41 |
| Contextual Description of Observations | p. 41 |
| Contextual Probability Space and Model | p. 41 |
| Selection Contexts; Analogy with Projection Postulate | p. 43 |
| Transition Probabilities, Reference Observables | p. 43 |
| Covariance | p. 44 |
| Interpretations of Contextual Probabilities | p. 45 |
| Formula of Total Probability with Interference Term | p. 46 |
| Quantum-like Representation Algorithm – QLRA | p. 49 |
| Inversion of Born's Rule | p. 50 |
| QLRA: Complex Representation | p. 51 |
| Visualization on Bloch's Sphere | p. 55 |
| The Case of Non-Doubly Stochastic Matrices | p. 57 |
| QLRA: Hyperbolic Representation | p. 58 |
| Hyperbolic Born's Rule | p. 58 |
| Hyperbolic Hilbert Space Representation | p. 60 |
| Bloch's Hyperboloid | p. 61 |
| The Quantum-like Brain | p. 65 |
| Quantum and Quantum-like Cognitive Models | p. 65 |
| Interference of Minds | p. 68 |
| Cognitive and Social Contexts; Observables | p. 68 |
| Quantum-like Structure of Experimental Mental Data | p. 69 |
| Contextual Redundancy | p. 70 |
| Mental Wave Function | p. 72 |
| Quantum-like Projection of Mental Reality | p. 72 |
| Social Opinion Poll | p. 72 |
| Quantum-like Functioning of Neuronal Structures | p. 73 |
| Quantum-like Consciousness | p. 75 |
| The Brain as a Quantum-like Computer | p. 76 |
| Evolution of Mental Wave Function | p. 76 |
| Structure of a Set of Mental States | p. 77 |
| Combining Neuronal Realism with Quantum-like Formalism | p. 78 |
| Experimental Tests of Quantum-like Behavior of the Mind | p. 79 |
| Theoretical Foundations of Experiment | p. 79 |
| Gestalt Perception Theory | p. 80 |
| Gestalt-like Experiment for Quantum-like Behavior of the Mind | p. 81 |
| Analysis of Cognitive Entities | p. 84 |
| Description of Experiment on Image Recognition | p. 86 |
| Preparation | p. 87 |
| First Experiment: Slight Deformations Versus Short Exposure Time | p. 87 |
| Second Experiment: Essential Deformations Versus Long Exposure Time | p. 88 |
| Interference Effect at the Financial Market? | p. 90 |
| Supplementary (“complementary”) Stocks | p. 90 |
| Experiment Design | p. 91 |
| Quantum-like Decision Making and Disjunction Effect | p. 93 |
| Sure Thing Principle, Disjunction Effect | p. 93 |
| Quantum-like Decision Making: General Discussion and Postulates | p. 96 |
| Superposition of Choices | p. 98 |
| Parallelism of Creation and Processing of Mental Wave function | p. 99 |
| Quantum-like Rationality | p. 99 |
| Quantum-like Ethics | p. 100 |
| Rational Behavior, Prisoner's Dilemma | p. 100 |
| Contextual Analysis of Experiments with Disjunction Effect | p. 101 |
| Prisoner's Dilemma | p. 101 |
| Gambling Experiment | p. 104 |
| Exam's Result and Hawaii Experiment | p. 105 |
| Reason-Based Choice and Its Quantum-like Interpretation | p. 105 |
| Coefficients of Interference and Quantum-like Representation | p. 106 |
| Non-double Stochasticity of Matrices of Transition Probabilities in Cognitive Psychology | p. 107 |
| Decision Making | p. 108 |
| Bayesian Updating of Mental State Distribution | p. 110 |
| Mixed State Representation | p. 112 |
| Comparison with Standard Quantum Decision-Making Theory | p. 112 |
| Bayes Risk | p. 113 |
| Conclusion | p. 114 |
| Macroscopic Games and Quantum Logic | p. 115 |
| Spin-One-Half Example of a Quantum-like Game | p. 117 |
| Spin-One Quantum-like Game | p. 122 |
| Interference of Probability in Quantum-like Games | p. 127 |
| Wave Functions in Macroscopic Quantum-like Games | p. 129 |
| Spin-One-Half Game with Three Observables | p. 132 |
| Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relations | p. 134 |
| Cooperative Quantum-like Games, Entanglement | p. 135 |
| Contextual Approach to Quantum-like Macroscopic Games | p. 137 |
| Quantum Probability and Game Theory | p. 137 |
| Wine Testing Game | p. 138 |
| Extensive Form Game with Imperfect Information | p. 141 |
| Quantum-like Representation of the Wine Testing Game | p. 142 |
| Superposition of Preferences | p. 143 |
| Interpretation of Gambling Wave Function | p. 143 |
| The Role of Bayes Formula | p. 144 |
| Action at a Distance? | p. 145 |
| Wine Game with Three Players | p. 145 |
| Simulation of the Wine Game | p. 146 |
| Bell's Inequality for Averages of Payoffs | p. 147 |
| Psycho-financial Model | p. 151 |
| Deterministic and Stochastic Models of Financial Markets | p. 151 |
| Efficient Market Hypothesis | p. 151 |
| Deterministic Models for Dynamics of Prices | p. 152 |
| Behavioral Finance and Economics | p. 153 |
| Quantum-like Model for Behavioral Finance | p. 154 |
| Classical Econophysical Model of the Financial Market | p. 155 |
| Financial Phase Space | p. 155 |
| Classical Dynamics | p. 157 |
| Critique of Classical Econophysics | p. 159 |
| Quantum-like Econophysical Model of the Financial Market | p. 160 |
| Financial Pilot Waves | p. 160 |
| Dynamics of Prices Guided by Financial Pilot Wave | p. 161 |
| Application of Quantum Formalism to the Financial Market | p. 165 |
| Standard Deviation of Price | p. 166 |
| Comparison with Conventional Models of the Financial Market | p. 167 |
| Stochastic Model | p. 167 |
| Deterministic Dynamical Model | p. 169 |
| Stochastic Model and Expectations of Agents of the Financial Market | p. 170 |
| The Problem of Smoothness of Bohmian Trajectories | p. 171 |
| Existence Theorems for Nonsmooth Financial Forces | p. 171 |
| The Problem of Smoothness of Price Trajectories | p. 171 |
| Picard's Theorem and its Generalization | p. 173 |
| The Problem of Quadratic Variation | p. 176 |
| Singular Potentials and Forces | p. 177 |
| Example | p. 177 |
| Singular Quantum Potentials | p. 177 |
| Classical and Quantum Financial Randomness | p. 178 |
| Randomness of Initial Conditions | p. 179 |
| Random Financial Mass | p. 179 |
| Bohm–Vigier Stochastic Mechanics | p. 180 |
| Bohmian Model and Models with Stochastic Volatility | p. 182 |
| Classical and Quantum Contributions to Financial Randomness | p. 183 |
| Appendix | p. 185 |
| Independence | p. 185 |
| Kolmogorovian Model | p. 185 |
| Quantum Model | p. 186 |
| Växjö model | p. 187 |
| Proof of Wigner's Inequality | p. 188 |
| Projection Postulate | p. 190 |
| Contextual View of Kolmogorov and Quantum Models | p. 190 |
| Contextual Models Induced by the Classical (Kolmogorov) Model | p. 190 |
| Contextual Models Induced by the Quantum (Dirac-von neumann) Model | p. 191 |
| Generalization of Quantum Formalism | p. 191 |
| Bohmian Mechanics | p. 194 |
| References | p. 199 |
| Index | p. 213 |
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