Thy Will Be Done : George Washington's Legacy of Slavery and the Fight for American Memory - John Garrison Marks

Thy Will Be Done

George Washington's Legacy of Slavery and the Fight for American Memory

By: John Garrison Marks

Hardcover | 7 April 2026

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The ongoing struggle over Washingtonâs legacy as enslaver and emancipator



How should we remember George Washingtonâs entanglement in slavery? Americans have argued over that question for nearly 250 years. More than any other Founding Father, Washingtonâs ties to slavery have vexed us. He enslaved more people than any of his fellow founders, yet he was the only one of them to emancipate the people he held in bondage. Since his death, Americans have grappled with this contradiction, shaping and reshaping our collective memory of Washington and slaveryâ"along with our understanding of the nation.

In Thy Will Be Done, historian John Garrison Marks tells the story of Americansâ long, fraught struggle to come to terms with Washingtonâs legacy of slavery. He traces how politicians, abolitionists, educators, activists, Washingtonâs former slaves and their descendants, and others have remembered, forgotten, and manipulated slaveryâs place in Washingtonâs story, and how they have wielded versions of that story in the political and cultural fights of their time. Marks shows how generational struggles over our collective memory of Washington and slavery have always been part of a bigger conversation about defining the United States and its people. As debates about the foundersâ participation in the system of slavery continue to roil public discourse, Marks shows with new clarity that Americans have never collectively reconciled Washingtonâs conflicted legacy. By truly grappling with Washingtonâs role as enslaver and emancipator, we may come to better understand the nation and ourselves.

Industry Reviews

âMarks . . . has delivered a book of compassion, courage, and meticulous detail.ââ"Progressive Magazine



âMarks paints a nuanced, three-dimensional picture of George Washington. He helps us understand him as both revolutionary and enslaver, as president and as captor, as a man who was troubled by the institution even as he continued to participate in it. Thy Will Be Done is an exceptional book. This is how George Washington should be taught. This is how history should be done.ââ"Clint Smith, New York Times bestselling author of How the Word Is Passed: A Reckoning with the History of Slavery Across America



âJohn Garrison Marks has written an unsparing audit of our inherited memoryâ"proving that the real revolution is in who gets to tell the story. He reveals how the nationâs first act of self-deception became its longest-running tradition.ââ"Alexis Coe, American history columnist at the New York Times and New York Times bestselling author of You Never Forget Your First: A Biography of George Washington



âImpressive in chronological scope, range of sources, and methodology. Few historians work as skillfully as John Garrisonâ¯Marks does in his sensitive, primarily archival reconstruction of the early history of the people freed through Washingtonâs will and the primarily oral history of contemporary interpretation of enslavement at Mount Vernon.ââ"Andrew M. Schocket, author of Fighting over the Founders: How We Remember the American Revolution



âAn engaging and nuanced chronicle of the legacy of George Washington and slavery over the past 250 years. Given increasingly polarized debates about how to interpret our countryâs history, Thy Will Be Done is a vital contribution to understanding our national history and memory.ââ"Cassandra A. Good, author of First Family: George Washingtonâs Heirs and the Making of America

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