| Preface | p. ix |
| Maps | p. xi |
| Overview | p. 1 |
| Telescopic observations | p. 1 |
| Orbital and rotational motions | p. 2 |
| Global structure and topography | p. 5 |
| Atmosphere | p. 5 |
| Surface temperatures | p. 9 |
| Stability of water | p. 11 |
| Global geology | p. 14 |
| Meteorites | p. 19 |
| Carbonaceous chondrites and chemical fractionation | p. 19 |
| Martian meteorites | p. 20 |
| Impact craters | p. 23 |
| Crater-forming objects | p. 23 |
| Crater morphology | p. 24 |
| Simple craters | p. 24 |
| Complex craters | p. 25 |
| Multi-ringed basins | p. 26 |
| Crater formation | p. 27 |
| Ejecta morphology | p. 31 |
| Crater modification | p. 34 |
| Crater size frequencies and ages | p. 36 |
| Summary | p. 41 |
| Volcanism | p. 43 |
| Basaltic volcanism | p. 43 |
| Effect of Martian conditions | p. 44 |
| Tharsis | p. 46 |
| Tharsis Montes | p. 46 |
| Olympus Mons | p. 51 |
| Alba Patera | p. 54 |
| Small Tharsis shields | p. 57 |
| Elysium | p. 59 |
| Lahars and dikes | p. 60 |
| Cerberus-Amazonis | p. 64 |
| Hellas-Hesperia | p. 68 |
| Plains volcanism | p. 70 |
| Volcano-ice interactions | p. 73 |
| Summary | p. 74 |
| Global structure and tectonics | p. 77 |
| Formation of the core | p. 77 |
| Global dichotomy | p. 78 |
| Thickness of the lithosphere | p. 84 |
| Formation of Tharsis | p. 84 |
| Surface indicators of stress | p. 86 |
| Extensional structures | p. 86 |
| Compressional structures | p. 89 |
| Deformational features related to Tharsis | p. 90 |
| Canyons | p. 95 |
| Physiography | p. 96 |
| Canyon walls | p. 102 |
| Landslides | p. 103 |
| Interior layered deposits | p. 105 |
| Formation of the canyons | p. 110 |
| Summary | p. 111 |
| Channels, valleys, and gullies | p. 113 |
| Outflow channels | p. 113 |
| Circum-Chryse channels | p. 114 |
| Description | p. 114 |
| Mode of formation | p. 116 |
| Tharsis | p. 121 |
| Amazonis and Elysium Planitiae | p. 122 |
| Description | p. 122 |
| Mode of formation | p. 126 |
| Utopia Planitia | p. 127 |
| Hellas | p. 129 |
| Argyre | p. 130 |
| The poles | p. 130 |
| Valley networks | p. 131 |
| General description | p. 132 |
| Drainage basins | p. 137 |
| Origin | p. 139 |
| Noachian valleys | p. 140 |
| Post-Noachian valleys | p. 144 |
| Gullies | p. 144 |
| Summary | p. 147 |
| Lakes and oceans | p. 149 |
| Paleolakes in the cratered uplands | p. 149 |
| Argyre and Hellas | p. 156 |
| Northern oceans | p. 160 |
| Shorelines | p. 164 |
| Evidence for marine sediments | p. 167 |
| Evidence for ice | p. 168 |
| Possible fate of a northern ocean | p. 168 |
| Summary | p. 171 |
| Ice | p. 173 |
| The stability of ice | p. 174 |
| Spectral evidence for ice | p. 175 |
| Permafrost | p. 175 |
| Ice-rich surficial deposits at high latitudes | p. 177 |
| Fretted terrain | p. 178 |
| Terrain softening | p. 179 |
| Lobate debris aprons | p. 180 |
| Lineated valley fill | p. 184 |
| Origin of the fretted valleys | p. 185 |
| Glaciers | p. 187 |
| Other possible indicators of ground ice | p. 188 |
| Crater ejecta patterns | p. 188 |
| Polygonal fractures | p. 189 |
| Thermokarst | p. 191 |
| Summary | p. 191 |
| Wind | p. 193 |
| Entrainment of particles by the wind | p. 193 |
| Dust storms | p. 195 |
| Wind streaks and tails | p. 197 |
| Dunes, ripples, and drifts | p. 198 |
| Regional eolian deposits | p. 203 |
| Wind erosion | p. 204 |
| Summary | p. 205 |
| Poles | p. 211 |
| The present polar environments | p. 211 |
| General description of polar terrains | p. 212 |
| Northern polar deposits | p. 212 |
| Upper unit | p. 212 |
| Basal unit | p. 218 |
| Southern polar deposits | p. 221 |
| The Dorsa Argentea Formation | p. 222 |
| The CO[subscript 2] residual cap | p. 225 |
| Summary | p. 226 |
| The view from the surface | p. 229 |
| Vikings 1 and 2 | p. 229 |
| Mars Pathfinder | p. 231 |
| Mars Exploration Rovers | p. 231 |
| Spirit | p. 232 |
| Gusev crater regional context | p. 232 |
| Gusev plains | p. 235 |
| Columbia Hills | p. 238 |
| Clovis class | p. 239 |
| Wishstone class | p. 240 |
| Peace class | p. 241 |
| Watchtower class | p. 241 |
| Backstay class | p. 242 |
| Opportunity | p. 244 |
| Regional context | p. 244 |
| The Meridiani rocks and soils | p. 246 |
| The Burns Formation | p. 246 |
| Post-depositional alteration | p. 252 |
| Groundwater movement | p. 253 |
| Evaporitic sources | p. 254 |
| Summary | p. 254 |
| Climate change | p. 257 |
| Noachian climate | p. 257 |
| Greenhouse warming | p. 258 |
| Retention of a dense CO[subscript 2] atmosphere | p. 260 |
| Post-Noachian climate history | p. 262 |
| Recent climate changes | p. 265 |
| Summary | p. 265 |
| Implications for life | p. 267 |
| The origin of life | p. 268 |
| Habitability | p. 271 |
| Survival | p. 272 |
| ALH84001 | p. 273 |
| Looking for life | p. 274 |
| Summary | p. 274 |
| Summary | p. 277 |
| Reference | p. 283 |
| Index | p. 297 |
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