| List of Figures | p. ix |
| List of Tables | p. xiii |
| Preface | p. xv |
| Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Indoor Propagation Channel | p. 9 |
| Multipath propagation | p. 10 |
| Time response of a multipath channel | p. 11 |
| Frequency response of a multipath channel | p. 12 |
| Spatial variation of the channel response | p. 13 |
| Time variations of the channel response | p. 14 |
| Ray tracing channel simulations | p. 15 |
| The ray tracing algorithm | p. 16 |
| Simulation results | p. 17 |
| Statistical channel modeling | p. 19 |
| Conclusions | p. 22 |
| Array Processing Basics | p. 23 |
| Array processing taxonomy | p. 24 |
| System architectures for array processing | p. 24 |
| Combining algorithms for array processing | p. 28 |
| Building blocks for diversity combining | p. 32 |
| Performance without diversity combining | p. 33 |
| Single-user diversity combining | p. 34 |
| Multi-user diversity combining | p. 38 |
| Conclusions | p. 43 |
| Spectrally Efficient Wlan | p. 45 |
| Disadvantages of pico-cellular WLAN | p. 46 |
| WLAN with intra-cell bandwidth reuse | p. 48 |
| System architecture trade-offs | p. 49 |
| Combining algorithm trade-offs | p. 49 |
| The performance upper bound | p. 51 |
| System model | p. 51 |
| Multi-user multi-antenna MLSE | p. 52 |
| Conclusions | p. 56 |
| Sdma for Multi-Carrier Modulation | p. 59 |
| Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing | p. 60 |
| The basic idea | p. 61 |
| System model | p. 63 |
| Performance | p. 65 |
| System model for OFDM-SDMA | p. 66 |
| Basic OFDM-SDMA algorithms | p. 68 |
| MMSE OFDM-SDMA | p. 69 |
| ML OFDM-SDMA | p. 73 |
| Advanced OFDM-SDMA algorithms | p. 75 |
| pcSIC OFDM-SDMA | p. 76 |
| pcSIC-SI OFDM-SDMA | p. 80 |
| Simplifying the initialization procedure | p. 86 |
| Coherence grouping | p. 86 |
| Calculation of the equalizer coefficients | p. 87 |
| Downlink OFDM-SDMA algorithms | p. 94 |
| System model for downlink OFDM-SDMA | p. 94 |
| Downlink OFDM-SDMA by channel inversion | p. 96 |
| Downlink OFDM-SDMA by orthogonalization | p. 99 |
| Conclusions | p. 102 |
| Sdma for Single-Carrier Modulation with Cyclic Prefix | p. 105 |
| Motivation | p. 106 |
| Peak-to-average power ratio problem | p. 107 |
| Sensitivity to carrier frequency inaccuracies | p. 110 |
| Frequency-domain SDMA for SC-CP | p. 111 |
| System model for SC-CP-SDMA | p. 112 |
| The MMSE SC-CP-SDMA algorithm | p. 114 |
| Non-linear detection for SC-CP-SDMA | p. 116 |
| Comparison with time-domain SDMA | p. 117 |
| An implementation case-study | p. 121 |
| Conclusions | p. 133 |
| Towards a Practical Sdma System | p. 135 |
| Channel estimation | p. 136 |
| Multi-user channel estimation setup | p. 138 |
| Frequency-domain channel estimation algorithm | p. 139 |
| OFDM-SDMA with channel estimation | p. 142 |
| Implementation options | p. 143 |
| Synchronization | p. 148 |
| Symbol synchronization | p. 149 |
| Carrier frequency synchronization | p. 156 |
| Sampling clock synchronization | p. 164 |
| Imperfect power control | p. 168 |
| Conclusions | p. 171 |
| Integration of Sdma in a Mac Protocol | p. 175 |
| The HIPERLAN II Standard | p. 176 |
| Physical layer | p. 177 |
| Data link control layer | p. 180 |
| OFDM-SDMA applied to HIPERLAN II | p. 184 |
| Spatially extended frame structure | p. 184 |
| Synchronization | p. 188 |
| Channel estimation | p. 193 |
| Simulation results | p. 198 |
| Conclusions | p. 204 |
| Conclusions | p. 207 |
| An SDMA solution for WLAN | p. 207 |
| An SDMA solution for the real world | p. 208 |
| An SDMA solution with realistic complexity | p. 209 |
| Appendices | p. 211 |
| Acronyms and Abbreviations | p. 211 |
| Mathematical Notation | p. 215 |
| Parameter Naming Conventions | p. 217 |
| References | p. 219 |
| Index | p. 229 |
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