Data-Centric Systems and Applications

Semantics for Data and Services on the Web

By: Vipul Kashyap, Christoph Bussler, Matthew Moran

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Hardcover | 15 August 2008

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432 Pages

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A decade ago Tim Berners-Lee proposed an extraordinary vision: despite the p- nomenal success of the Web, it would not, and could not, reach its full potential unless it became a place where automated processes could participate as well as people. This meant the publication of documents and data to the web in such a way that they could be interpreted, integrated, aggregated and queried to reveal new connections and answer questions, rather than just browsed and searched. Many scoffed at this idea, interpreting the early emphasis on language design and reas- ing as AI in new clothes. This missed the point. The Grand Challenge of the Semantic Web is one that needs not only the information structure of ontologies, metadata, and data, but also the computational infrastructure of Web Services, P2P and Grid distributed computing and workflows. Consequently, it is a truly who- system and multi-disciplinary effort. This is also an initiative that has to be put into practice. That means a pragmatic approach to standards, tools, mechanisms and methodologies, and real, challenging examples. It would seem self-evident that the Semantic Web should be able to make a major contribution to clinical information discovery. Scientific commu- ties are ideal incubators: knowledge-driven, fragmented, diverse, a range of str- tured and unstructured resources with many disconnected suppliers and consumers of knowledge. Moreover, the clinicians and biosciences have embraced the notions of annotation and classification using ontologies for centuries, and have dema- ing requirements for trust, security, fidelity and expressivity.

Industry Reviews

"Kashyap et al. (...) provide an organized and well-written textbook that can serve as both a theoretical guide and a practical tutorial for the informational and computational aspects of the Semantic Web." Athena Vakali in ACM Reviews February 2009

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Computing & I.T.Digital Lifestyle & Online World: Consumer & User Guides Internet Guides & Online Services Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Computer Programming & Software Development Programming & Scripting Languages Software Engineering Graphical & Digital Media Applications Web Graphics & Design Databases

Data Warehousing Business Applications Science Biology, Life Sciences Science in General

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Paperback

Published: 30th November 2010

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Preliminaries	p. 1
Introduction	p. 3
Motivation: Why Semantic Web?	p. 4
A Framework for Semantic Web	p. 5
Use Case: Translational Medicine Clinical Vignette	p. 7
Scope and Organization	p. 9
Use Case and Functional Requirements	p. 11
Detailed Clinical Use Case	p. 12
Stakeholders and Information Needs	p. 13
Conceptual Architecture	p. 15
Functional Requirements	p. 17
Research Issues	p. 18
Summary	p. 19
Information Aspects of the Semantic Web	p. 21
Semantic Web Content	p. 23
Nature of Web Content	p. 23
Nature of Semantic Web Content	p. 24
Metadata	p. 25
Metadata Usage in Various Applications	p. 26
Metadata: A Tool for Describing and Modeling Information	p. 27
Ontologies: Vocabularies and Reference Terms for Metadata	p. 30
Summary	p. 33
Metadata Frameworks	p. 35
Examples of Metadata Frameworks	p. 35
XML-Based Metadata Framework	p. 36
RDF-Based Metadata Framework	p. 36
OWL-Based Metadata Framework	p. 37
WSMO-Based Metadata Framework	p. 37
Two Perspectives: Data Models and Model-Theoretic Semantics	p. 38
Data Models	p. 38
Multiple Syntaxes for RDF: A Short Note	p. 47
Model-Theoretic Semantics	p. 48
Query Languages	p. 51
Query Languages for XML Data	p. 51
Query Languages for RDF Data	p. 62
Extending Query Languages with Reasoning and Entailment	p. 73
Clinical Scenario Revisited	p. 74
Semantic Web Specifications: LIMS and EMR Data	p. 74
Linking data from Multiple Data Sources	p. 76
Advantages and Disadvantages of using Semantic Web Specifications	p. 78
Summary	p. 78
Ontologies and Schemas	p. 79
What is an Ontology?	p. 79
Ontology Representation Languages	p. 84
XML Schema	p. 84
RDF Schema	p. 92
Web Ontology Language	p. 100
The Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO)	p. 112
Comparison of Ontology Representation Languages	p. 118
Integration of Ontology and Rule Languages	p. 122
Motivation and Requirements	p. 122
Overview of Languages and Approaches	p. 123
Semantic Web Rules Language	p. 124
Clinical Scenario Revisited	p. 126
A Domain Ontology for Translational Medicine	p. 126
Integration of Ontologies and Rules for Clinical Decision Support	p. 130
Advantages and Disadvantages of using Semantic Web Specifications	p. 135
Summary	p. 135
Ontology Authoring and Management	p. 137
Ontology Building Tools	p. 137
Ontology Editors: Brief Descriptions	p. 138
Ontology Editors: A Comparative Evaluation	p. 143
Ontology Bootstrapping Approaches	p. 148
Ontology Merge and Integration Tools	p. 150
Ontology Merge and Integration Tools: A Brief Description	p. 151
Evaluation of Ontology Merge and Integration Tools	p. 152
Ontology Engines and Reasoners	p. 154
Clinical Scenario Revisited	p. 157
Summary	p. 158
Applications of Metadata and Ontologies	p. 161
Tools and Techniques for Metadata Annotation	p. 161
Requirements for Metadata Annotation	p. 162
Tools and Technologies for Metadata Annotation	p. 163
Comparative Evaluation	p. 168
Techniques for Schema/Ontology Mapping	p. 173
A Classification of Schema-matching Approaches	p. 173
Schema-matching Techniques: Overview	p. 179
Ontology Driven Information Integration	p. 183
The Role of Ontologies in Information Integration	p. 183
Ontology Representations Used in Information Integration	p. 187
The Role of Mapping in Information Integration	p. 188
The Role of Ontology Engineering in Information Integration	p. 190
Summary	p. 192
Process Aspects of the Semantic Web	p. 193
Communication	p. 195
Communication Concepts	p. 195
Fundamental Types	p. 196
Formats and Protocols (FAP)	p. 197
Separation of Interface and Logic	p. 198
Communicating Parties	p. 199
Mediation	p. 201
Non-functional Aspects	p. 202
Communication Paradigms	p. 203
Client/Server (C/S)	p. 204
Queueing	p. 204
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)	p. 205
Blackboard	p. 205
Web Services	p. 206
Representational State Transfer (REST)	p. 207
Agents	p. 207
Tuple Spaces	p. 208
Co-location	p. 208
Summary	p. 209
Long-Running Communication	p. 209
Business-to-Business (B2B) Protocols	p. 210
Application-to-Application (A2A) Protocols	p. 211
Web Services	p. 211
Clinical Use Case	p. 212
Summary	p. 214
State of the Art in Web Services	p. 215
History	p. 215
Traditional Web Services	p. 216
WSDL	p. 217
SOAP	p. 218
UDDI	p. 219
Summary	p. 219
Emerging Web Service Specifications (WS*-Stack)	p. 220
Standards	p. 220
Web Service Standards	p. 221
Semantic-Web-Service-Related Standards	p. 222
Service-oriented Architecture (SOA)	p. 223
Service Paradigm	p. 223
SOA and Web Services	p. 224
Open Issues and Technical Challenges	p. 224
Semantics and Web Services	p. 226
Semantics, What Semantics?	p. 227
Data Semantics	p. 228
Process Semantics	p. 229
Selection Semantics	p. 229
Other Types of Semantics	p. 230
Clinical Use Case	p. 231
Summary	p. 232
Web Service Composition	p. 233
Composition	p. 233
Motivation	p. 233
Definition of Composition	p. 235
Web Services and Composition	p. 237
Choreography and Orchestration	p. 238
Dynamic Composition	p. 239
Business-to-Business Communication	p. 240
Application-to-Application Communication	p. 241
Complex Business Logic	p. 242
Standards and Technologies	p. 243
Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL)	p. 244
Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)	p. 245
Web Service Choreography Description Language (WS-CDL)	p. 245
Java Business Integration (JBI)	p. 246
Clinical Use Case	p. 247
Summary	p. 247
Semantic Web Services	p. 249
Semantics of Web Services	p. 249
Why Semantic Web Services?	p. 249
Interface vs. Implementation	p. 251
Modeling of State	p. 251
Alternatives for Capturing Semantics of Web Services	p. 253
Finite State Machines	p. 253
Statechart Diagrams	p. 254
Petri Nets	p. 254
Process Algebras	p. 256
Semantic Web Service Approaches	p. 259
OWL-S	p. 259
SWSF	p. 261
WSDL-S	p. 266
SAWSDL	p. 268
WSMO, WSML and WSMX	p. 269
Reasoning with Web Service Semantics	p. 276
Discovery	p. 276
Semantic Web Service Composition	p. 281
Mediation	p. 283
Clinical Use Case	p. 285
Summary	p. 286
Standards	p. 287
Semantic Web Standards	p. 289
Relevant Standards Organization	p. 289
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)	p. 289
International Electotechnical Commission (IEC)	p. 290
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)	p. 290
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)	p. 290
International Engineering Task Force (IETF)	p. 291
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)	p. 291
The Object Modeling Group (OMG)	p. 291
Semantic Web Services Initiative (SWSI)	p. 292
United States National Library of Medicine (NLM)	p. 292
Semantic Web Content Standardization Efforts	p. 293
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)	p. 293
eXtensible Markup Language (XML)	p. 293
eXtensible Stylesheet Transformation Language (XSLT)	p. 294
XPath	p. 294
XQuery	p. 294
XML Schema	p. 294
Resource Description Framework (RDF)	p. 295
SPARQL	p. 295
RDF Schema	p. 295
Web Ontology Language (OWL)	p. 296
Rule-ML	p. 296
Semantic Web Rules Language (SWRL)	p. 296
Ontology Definition Metamodel (ODM)	p. 296
Unified Modeling Language (UML)	p. 297
Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF)	p. 297
Open Knowledge Base Connectivity Protocol (OKBC)	p. 297
DIG Description Logics Interface	p. 297
OWL API	p. 298
Standardized Vocabularies and Ontologies	p. 298
Semantic Web Services Standardization Efforts	p. 300
ISO-18629 Process Specification Language (PSL)	p. 301
W3C Semantic Annotations for the Web Services Description Language (SAWSDL)	p. 302
OWL-S	p. 303
Web Services Modeling Ontology (WSMO)	p. 303
Semantic Web Services Framework (SWSF)	p. 304
WSDL-S	p. 304
OASIS Semantic Execution Environment (SEE)	p. 304
OASIS Service-Oriented Architecture Reference Model (SOA RM)	p. 305
Semantic Web Services Architecture (SWSA)	p. 306
Semantic Web Services Interest Group (SWS-IG)	p. 307
Summary	p. 307
Putting it All Together and Perspective	p. 309
A Solution Approach to the Clinical Use Case	p. 311
Service Discovery, Composition and Choreography	p. 312
Specification of Clinical Workflow using WSMO	p. 313
Data Structures in Data Flow	p. 316
Data Mediation	p. 319
Goal Definition	p. 328
Discovery	p. 331
Orchestration/Service Composition	p. 333
Process and Protocol Mediation	p. 339
Data and Knowledge Integration	p. 342
Data Integration Services: WSMO/WSML Specification	p. 343
Semantic Data Integration Architecture	p. 344
A Domain Ontology for Translational Medicine	p. 346
Use of RDF to represent Genomic and Clinical Data	p. 351
The Integration Process	p. 353
Decision Support	p. 356
Decision Support Services: WSMO/WSML Specification	p. 357
Architecture	p. 358
Business Object Model Design	p. 359
Rule Base Design	p. 360
Definitions vs. Actions: Ontology Design	p. 360
Knowledge Maintenance and Provenance	p. 365
Outlook: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly?	p. 369
The Good - Progress and Impact	p. 369
The Bad - Major Obstacles to Overcome	p. 371
The Ugly - Possible Prohibitors	p. 372
References and Index	p. 375
References	p. 377
Index	p. 405
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Data-Centric Systems and Applications

Semantics for Data and Services on the Web

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

Other Editions and Formats

Paperback

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