| Introduction | |
| Notes to Introduction | |
| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| The Enlightenment Spirit: An Overview | |
| What is Enlightenment? - Kant | p. 1 |
| The Human Mind Emerged from Barbarism - d'Alembert | p. 7 |
| "Encyclopedie" - Diderot | p. 17 |
| Definition of a Philosophe - Dumarsais | p. 21 |
| Le mariage de Figaro - Beaumarchais | p. 23 |
| The Magic Flute - Mozart | p. 25 |
| The Future Progress of the Human Mind - Condorcet | p. 26 |
| Reason and Nature | |
| The New Science - Bacon | p. 39 |
| Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy - Newton | p. 43 |
| The New Physics - Cotes | p. 48 |
| On Bacon and Newton - Voltaire | p. 51 |
| The Rat - Buffon | p. 60 |
| The Utility of Science - Condorcet | p. 64 |
| The Organization of Scientific Research - Priestley | p. 69 |
| Letter to Joseph Priestley - Franklin | p. 73 |
| Reason and God | |
| On Superstition and Tolerance - Bayle | p. 75 |
| A Letter Concerning Toleration - Locke | p. 81 |
| On Enthusiasm - Shaftesbury | p. 90 |
| The Argument for a Deity - Newton | p. 96 |
| A Discourse of Free-Thinking - Collins | p. 101 |
| "If there is a God . . ." - Montesquieu | p. 106 |
| Of Miracles and the Origin of Religion - Hume | p. 109 |
| Reflections on Religion - Voltaire | p. 115 |
| Profession of Faith of a Savoyard Vicar - Rousseau | p. 134 |
| "No need of theology . . . only of reason . . ." - d'Holbach | p. 140 |
| The Progress of Superstition - Gibbon | p. 150 |
| Unitarianism - Priestley | p. 155 |
| "Religion . . . my views of it . . ." - Jefferson | p. 160 |
| "Something of my religion . . ." - Franklin | p. 166 |
| The Temple of Reason | p. 168 |
| The Age of Reason - Paine | p. 174 |
| Reason and Humanity | |
| "I think, therefore I am . . ." - Descartes | p. 181 |
| An Essay Concerning Human Understanding - Locke | p. 185 |
| New Essays on Human Understanding - Leibnitz | p. 188 |
| On Mr. Locke - Voltaire | p. 190 |
| A Treatise of Human Nature - Hume | p. 195 |
| Man a Machine - la Mettrie | p. 202 |
| Of Ideas, Their Generation and Associations - Hartley | p. 209 |
| The Philosophy of Common Sense - Reid | p. 213 |
| Treatise on the Sensations - Condillac | p. 220 |
| Some Thoughts Concerning Education - Locke | p. 222 |
| Children and Civic Education - Rousseau | p. 229 |
| Education for Civil and Active Life - Priestley | p. 235 |
| The Fable of the Bees - Mandeville | p. 242 |
| An Essay on Man - Pope | p. 255 |
| Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure - Cleland | p. 257 |
| Enjoyment and Tahiti - Diderot | p. 265 |
| Concerning the Moral Sense - Hutcheson | p. 275 |
| The Impartial Spectator - Smith | p. 280 |
| A Treatise on Man - Helvetius | p. 287 |
| Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals - Kant | p. 297 |
| The Principle of Utility - Bentham | p. 306 |
| On Wit - Addison | p. 314 |
| Ideas of Beauty and Virtue - Hutcheson | p. 318 |
| Discourse on Style - Buffon | p. 319 |
| Of the Standard of Taste - Hume | p. 322 |
| The Sublime - Burke | p. 329 |
| On Theater and Morals - Rousseau | p. 333 |
| On Custom and Fashion - Smith | p. 337 |
| The Beautiful and Sublime - Kant | p. 339 |
| Discourse on Art - Reynolds | p. 342 |
| Reason and Society | |
| The New Science - Vico | p. 351 |
| The Utility of History - Bolingbroke | p. 356 |
| History as Guide - Hume | p. 359 |
| On Progress - Turgot | p. 361 |
| A Critique of Progress - Rousseau | p. 363 |
| In Defense of Modernity - Voltaire | p. 369 |
| The Four-Stage Theory of Development - Smith | p. 378 |
| The Progressive Character of Human Nature - Ferguson | p. 380 |
| "How glorious, then, is the prospect . . ." - Priestley | p. 382 |
| The Perfectibility of Man - Condorcet | p. 387 |
| The Second Treatise of Civil Government - Locke | p. 395 |
| The Spirit of the Laws - Montesquieu | p. 405 |
| Political Essays - Voltaire | p. 416 |
| Discourse on the Origin of Inequality - Rousseau | p. 424 |
| The Social Contract - Rousseau | p. 430 |
| Common Sense - Paine | p. 442 |
| The American Declaration of Independence | p. 448 |
| Benevolent Despotism - Frederick the Great | p. 452 |
| Federalist No. 10 - Madison | p. 459 |
| The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | p. 466 |
| The Rights of Man - Paine | p. 469 |
| Enquiry Concerning Political Justice - Godwin | p. 473 |
| The Royal Exchange - Addison | p. 480 |
| Industry and the Way to Wealth - Franklin | p. 483 |
| Of Luxury - Hume | p. 491 |
| The Physiocratic Formula - Quesnay | p. 496 |
| Economic Liberty - Turgot | p. 502 |
| The Wealth of Nations - Smith | p. 505 |
| The Severity of Criminal Laws - Montesquieu | p. 515 |
| An Essay on Crimes and Punishments - Beccaria | p. 525 |
| On Torture and Capital Punishment - Voltaire | p. 532 |
| The State of Prisons - Howard | p. 535 |
| "Cases unmeet for punishment . . ." - Bentham | p. 541 |
| Splendid Armies - Voltaire | p. 546 |
| "There never was a good war . . ." - Franklin | p. 550 |
| Perpetual Peace - Kant | p. 552 |
| Some Reflections upon Marriage - Astell | p. 560 |
| Duties of Women - Rousseau | p. 568 |
| The Fair Sex - Kant | p. 580 |
| Women, Adored and Oppressed - Paine (attr.) | p. 586 |
| "A woman . . . gossips much . . ." - Mozart | p. 591 |
| Women's Education - Macaulay | p. 591 |
| On the Equality of the Sexes - Constantia | p. 601 |
| The Rights of Woman - de Gouges | p. 609 |
| Vindication of the Rights of Woman - Wollstonecraft | p. 618 |
| "Negroes . . . naturally inferior to the whites . . ." - Hume | p. 629 |
| Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes - Woolman | p. 630 |
| The Difference between the Races - Kant | p. 637 |
| "Who are you, then, to make slaves . . ." - Diderot | p. 640 |
| "Bestial manners, stupidity, and vices . . ." - Long | p. 644 |
| African Slavery in America - Paine | p. 645 |
| Of Empires and Savages - Gibbon | p. 649 |
| On Indians and Negroes - Jefferson | p. 657 |
| "Negro" - Encyclopaedia Britannica | p. 669 |
| The End of Empire - Priestley | p. 670 |
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