The Philanthropy Reader

Section 1: What is Philanthropy?

Editorsâ Introduction to Section 1

1.1 Why Philanthropy Matters

· Robert Payton and Michael Moody, âTaking Philanthropy Seriouslyâ

· Philanthropy New York, âKey Contributions to Society by Philanthropic Foundationsâ

· Nathan Chappell, Brian Crimmins, and Michael Ashley, âWhat Would Happen if Everyone Stopped Giving?â

1.2 Complex Definitions

· Marty Sulek, âOn the Classical and Modern Meanings of Philanthropyâ

· Peter Frumkin, âInstrumental and Expressive Philanthropyâ

· Elizabeth Lynn and D. Susan Wisely, âFour Traditions of Philanthropyâ

· Alexis de Tocqueville, âSelf-Interest Rightly Understoodâ

1.3 Debates Over Definitions

· Siobhan Daly, âPhilanthropy as an Essentially Contested Conceptâ

· Dwight F. Burlingame, âPhilanthropy is Not the Same as Altruismâ

· Shariq Siddiqui, Rafeel Wasif, and Afshan Paarlberg, âA More Inclusive Definition in Muslim Philanthropic Traditionsâ

1.4 Different Lenses for Studying and Explaining Philanthropy

· James Andreoni, âThe Economic Explanation of Philanthropyâ

· Theodore M. Lechterman, Emma Saunders-Hastings, and Rob Reich, âPolitics of Givingâ

· Robert Wuthnow, âA Cultural Explanation of Compassionâ

· Ren© Bekkers and Pamala Wiepking, âEight Mechanisms That Drive Charitable Givingâ

· Shawn A. Rhoads and Abigail A. Marsh, âDoing Good and Feeling Good: Relationships Between Altruism and Well-beingâ

· Samir Okasha, âBiological Altruismâ

Section 2: Philanthropy Across Time and Place

Editorsâ Introduction to Section 2

2.1 Complex history

• Hugh Cunningham, âThe Contentious and contended history of Western philanthropyâ
• Kevin C. Robbins, âPhilanthropy in historical perspectiveâ
• Rhodri Davies, âPhilanthropy or charity?: Models of giving from Ancient Greece to Silicon Valleyâ

2.2 Contested history

• Frank Prochaska, âPhilanthropy as the history of organised kindnessâ
• Olivier Zunz, âPhilanthropy as a quintessential part of being Americanâ
• Thomas Adam, âPhilanthropy was not invented in the USAâ
• Anne OâBrien, âColonialism and the development of philanthropyâ

2.3 Variety and similarities across time and space

• Marco H. D. Van Leeuwen, âGiving by rich and poor during the Amsterdam Golden Ageâ
• Gertrude Himmelfarb, âLessons from the 19th century: from Victorian virtues to modern valuesâ
• Shauna Mottiar and Mvuselelo Ngcoya, âPhilanthropy as sharing: Indigenous philanthropy challenging Western preconceptionsâ
• Pushpa Sundar, âPhilanthropy in the building of modern Indiaâ
• Beth Breeze, âPhilanthropy is always a product of its timeâ

2.4 Understanding philanthropy in a global context

• Tim Brodhead, Philanthropy in the era of globalisation

· Pamala Wiepking and Femida Handy, âWhat promotes giving across the globe? Eight facilitating factorsâ

2.5 The Role of religion, race, gender, and geography

· Henrietta Gr¶nlund & Anne Birgitta Pessi, âThe influence of religion on philanthropy â

· Tamala Spicer, âGiving by donors of color in the USâ

• Joan Marie Johnson, âCoercive philanthropy: why wealthy women funded feminismâ

· Young-joo Lee, Payton Goodman, and Yue Ming, âWhy and how women giveâ

· John R. Bryson, Mark McGuinness, and Robert J. Ford, âThe geography of philanthropy is not the same as the geography of need

Section 3: Being a Philanthropist â" Callings and Critiques

Editorsâ Introduction to Section 3

3.1 Why Should People Give â" Religious and Secular Calls

• Pope Benedict XVI, âCharity as a Responsibility of the Churchâ
• Dalai Lama, âThe Ethic of Compassionâ
• Peter Singer, âThe Life You Can Saveâ
• Michael Ignatieff, âThe Needs of Strangersâ

3.2 Classic Gospels of Giving

• Andrew Carnegie, âThe Gospel of Wealthâ
• John D. Rockefeller, âThe Difficult Art of Givingâ
• Tyrone McKinley Freeman, âMadam C. J. Walkerâs Gospel of Givingâ

3.3. How Contemporary Donors Describe Their Journey

• Paul G. Schervish, âWhy the Wealthy Giveâ
• Bill Gates, âCaring and Complexityâ
• David V©lez and Mariel Reyes, âThe Simple Logic of Using Wealth to Improve Peopleâs Livesâ
• James Chen, âBecoming a Moonshot Philanthropistâ
• Sara Ojjeh, âA Next Gen Donor Finds Her Voiceâ

3.4 Critiques of Elite Donors

• Francie Ostrower,âPhilanthropy, Prestige, and Statusâ
• Emma Saunders-Hastings, âPhilanthropic Paternalismâ
• Benjamin Soskis, âThe Importance of Criticizing Philanthropyâ

3.5 Debates about Relying on Philanthropists Versus Business or Government

• Jim Lacey, âBusiness is Better than Endowed Foundationsâ
• Karl Zinsmeister, âFixing Problems via Philanthropy vs. Governmentâ
• Polly Toynbee, âThank Goodness the Poor Donât Rely on Philanthropyâ
• Sarah Reckhow, âWhen Philanthropists Fill a Government Vacuumâ

Section 4: Philanthropists and Beneficiaries â" A Complex Relationship

Editorâs Introduction to Section 4

4.1 Giving and receiving

• Aristotle, âOn benefactors and beneficiariesâ
• James S. Romm, âWhat Seneca said about giving and receivingâ
• Moses Maimonides, âEight levels of tzedakah (giving)â
• Emma Tieffenbach, âThe gifting puzzleâ

4.2 Philanthropy as gift or justice?

• David H. Smith, âGifts are closer to the self than the demands of justiceâ
• Darren Walker, âFrom generosity to justiceâ

4.3 When philanthropic gifts go wrong

• Michael Moody, âSeek to do good, but do no harmâ
• Jane Addams, âThe subtle problems of charityâ
• Halima Mahomed and Bhekinkosi Moyo, âPower and philanthropy in Africaâ

4.4 Being a giver, being a recipient

• Susan A. Ostrander and Paul G. Schervish âGiving and gettingâ
• Julie Salamon, âA human exchange of equals in New Yorkâ
• Joanne B. Ciulla, âCan tainted money harm recipients?â

4.5 What is the right relationship between those who give and those who get?

• MacKenzie Scott, âSeeding by cedingâ
• Marie-St©phane Maradeix, Arthur Gautier, and Anne-Claire Pache, âTrust Based Philanthropyâ
• Cynthia Gibson, Chris Cardona, Jasmine McGinnis Johnson, and David Suarez, âParticipatory grantmakingâ
• Alan Fowler and Susan Wilkinson-Maposa, âHorizontal philanthropy in southern Africaâ

Section 5: Philanthropic Practices and Institutions

Editorsâ Introduction to Section 5

5.1 The Practice of Asking, The Practice of Granting

· Henry A. Rosso, âA Philosophy of Fundraisingâ

· Booker T. Washington, âI Am Not a Beggarâ

· Joel J. Orosz, âHumane Grantmakingâ

5.2 Foundations â" Roles and Critiques

· Joel L. Fleishman, âWhat Foundations Doâ

· Helmut K. Anheier and Diana Leat, âThe Creative Value of Foundations in a Democracyâ

· Rob Reich, âFoundations as Oddities in a Democratic Societyâ

· Julius Rosenwald, âAgainst perpetual endowmentsâ

5.3 New Models and Methods

· Lucy Bernholz, âOur Diverse Givingscapeâ

· Lester M. Salamon, âThe Revolution on the Frontiers of Philanthropyâ

· Mark R. Kramer, âCatalytic Philanthropyâ

· Christina Daniken and Anna Pruitt, âMillennials and Gen Z Are Giving in Distinctive Waysâ

· Adriana Loson-Ceballos and Michael Layton, âCollective Giving is Democratizing and Diversifying Philanthropyâ

· Bertram Lang, âThe Internet Philanthropy Boom in Chinaâ

· Ravit Dotan, âResponsible AI and Philanthropyâ

5.4 Blurring Boundaries with Business

· Emily Barman, âCaring Capitalismâ

· Thomas W. Dunfee, âThe Legitimacy of Corporate Philanthropyâ

· Emily Rosenman, âA Critical Perspective on Global Impact Investingâ

· Dana Brakman Reiser and Steven A. Dean, âThe Danger of For-Profit Philanthropyâ

Section 6: Debates About Making Philanthropy Better

Editorsâ Introduction to Section 6

6.1 Debates on the role, purpose, and impact of philanthropy

• David A. Campbell, Susan Appe and Matthew J. Rozansky, âDebates on the role of philanthropy in civic lifeâ
• Beth Breeze, âThe need to defend philanthropyâ
• Edgar Villanueva, âMoney as medicine: seven steps to healingâ

6.2 On philanthropic decision making

• Charles Bronfman and Jeffrey Solomon, âTo Give is to Chooseâ
• Paul M. Connolly, âBalancing the Head and Heart in Philanthropyâ

6.3 The right relationship between capitalism and philanthropy

• Matthew Bishop and Michael Green, âHow philanthrocapitalists can solve big problemsâ
• Michael Edwards, âBusinesslike philanthropy is the Emperorâs new clothesâ
• Amy Schiller, âPhilanthropy offsets the ruthlessness of the marketâ

6.4 How do we know if philanthropy does any good?

• Michael Hobbes, âThe Problem with Big Ideasâ
• William MacAskill, âEffective altruism helps us work out how to do the most goodâ
• William Schambra, âThe Emerging Threat of Effective Altruismâ

6.5 Thinking about doing good better

• Eric Friedman, âPhilanthropy is Broken â" Hereâs How to Fix Itâ
• Phil Buchanan, âAn optimistâs guide to doing giving rightâ
• Thomas J. Tierney and Joel L. Fleishman, âFrom Aspirations to Impactâ
• Carmen Rojas, âEngaging with race, class, and gender to seed a more just futureâ

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