The Knowledge Base for Fisheries Management

Volume 36

By: Lorenzo Motos (Editor), Douglas Wilson (Editor)

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Hardcover | 1 October 2006 | Edition Number 36

At a Glance

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476 Pages

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23.5 x 16.51 x 1.91

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Fisheries are in a state of crisis throughout the world. While there has been some success, truly effective fisheries management seems beyond our grasp. The knowledge needed for proper management contains a broad array of facts and connections from statistical stock assessments, to the information that allows government agencies to track compliance with rules and beyond.

This book describes the state-of-the-art knowledge about fishery systems. Seldom seen in a scientific publication regarding fisheries science, this book presents a multidisciplinary perspective of fisheries management. Leading fisheries scholars with backgrounds in biology, ecology, economics and sociology ask how management institutions can learn and put their lessons to use. The Knowledge Base for Fisheries Management offers a unique overview of the world of fisheries management and provides the background to draw conclusions of what is needed to improve management.

Covering a wide range of regimes, case studies and professional perspectives, this publication will be an obliged reference to anyone involved on fisheries management, assessment, policy making or fisheries development all over the world.

* The only book on the market that analyzes fisheries in a biological, sociological and economic way
* Fills a gap, focusing not only on the production of knowledge for fisheries management but also on how it is used in all steps of the management system and the decision making processes
* Focuses on the hot topic: scientific knowledge and society-science based policies
* Documents disseminated research from many different management systems, both European and world wide

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Biology, Life Sciences Hydrobiology Marine Biology

Foreword	p. xv
Acknowledgements	p. xvii
List of Contributors	p. xix
Introduction: The Knowledge Base as Process	p. 1
The commons and why we need management institutions	p. 2
Defining the problem: The tragedy of the commons	p. 3
Implications for the knowledge base	p. 7
The elements of institutional design	p. 7
Institutional design I: Property rights as the basis of good management regimes	p. 9
Rights-based approaches and the knowledge base	p. 12
Institutional design II: Community approaches	p. 12
Community-based approaches and the knowledge base	p. 15
Institutional processes: A new role for science	p. 15
An overview of the book	p. 18
References	p. 23
Global Experiences with Management Systems relevant to Europe	p. 27
International Management of Shared Stocks	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
Basic definitions	p. 29
Management objectives	p. 30
Objectives of states concerned	p. 31
Conflict and other problems	p. 31
Management tools	p. 32
Cooperative and non-cooperative management	p. 32
Negotiation and arrangements	p. 35
Allocation	p. 36
Management instruments	p. 38
The production of knowledge	p. 40
Cooperative research or the first level of cooperation	p. 41
Non-cooperative management and the fear of knowledge sharing	p. 43
Biological and ecological knowledge required	p. 43
Economic knowledge and costs of cooperation	p. 45
Knowledge of technological factors	p. 47
Knowledge of social factors	p. 47
Institutional support for knowledge production, advice, communication and decision-making	p. 48
Control, enforcement and compliance	p. 49
Conclusions	p. 51
Acknowledgements	p. 52
References	p. 52
Right-Based Fisheries Management	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
Main features of an ITQ system	p. 56
The knowledge base for ITQs	p. 62
The knowledge base for TAC setting: biological objectives	p. 63
The knowledge base for ITQs: efficiency and welfare objectives	p. 74
Concluding remarks	p. 80
References	p. 82
The Knowledge Base of Co-Management	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
The idea of fisheries co-management	p. 86
Different forms of knowledge	p. 88
Tacit vs. discursive knowledge	p. 88
Oral vs. written knowledge	p. 89
Anecdotal vs. systematic information	p. 90
The knowledge base and worldviews	p. 91
Fishers' knowledge	p. 93
Knowledge of behaviour	p. 93
Shared marine resource knowledge	p. 94
Models of action towards developing a knowledge base for co-management	p. 97
The deference model	p. 97
The experience-based knowledge model	p. 98
The competing constructions model	p. 98
Community science	p. 100
Conclusion	p. 104
References	p. 105
Financial Instruments	p. 109
The theory of taxes and subsidies	p. 109
Market failures and taxes	p. 109
Definition and types of financial instruments	p. 111
Impact of subsidies	p. 114
Government positions on subsidies	p. 117
The knowledge base	p. 118
Charges and subsidies around the world	p. 122
EU instruments	p. 122
Financial instruments in operation outside the EU	p. 128
Conclusion	p. 132
Institutional structure	p. 133
Management procedures	p. 133
Models and data sources	p. 134
Scientific advice and communication of advice	p. 136
References	p. 139
Command-and-Control Quota-Based Regimes	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Portraying command-and-control regimes	p. 143
Management objectives	p. 145
Management tools	p. 145
The setting of the TAC	p. 146
The allocation of the TAC	p. 146
The production of knowledge	p. 147
Knowledge of biological and ecological factors	p. 149
Knowledge of social and economic factors	p. 151
Learning from innovative systems: Taking into account users' knowledge	p. 153
The DPSIR framework	p. 155
Institutional support for knowledge production, advice and decision-making	p. 156
Control, enforcement, and compliance	p. 157
Conclusions	p. 158
Acknowledgements	p. 160
References	p. 160
Effort and Capacity-Based Fisheries Management	p. 163
Introduction	p. 163
The knowledge base of effort-based fisheries regulation	p. 164
The example of the demersal gadoid fisheries in the Faeroe islands	p. 170
Management objectives	p. 171
The regulation framework	p. 171
The institutional setup of knowledge production	p. 172
The example of the Australian Northern Prawn mixed fisheries	p. 175
Management objectives	p. 175
Management instruments	p. 177
The production of knowledge	p. 179
The example of the mussel fisheries in Denmark	p. 184
Management objectives	p. 185
Management instruments	p. 185
The production of knowledge	p. 187
The example of the Mediterranean hake mixed fisheries	p. 189
Management objectives	p. 189
Management instruments	p. 189
The institutional setup of knowledge production	p. 190
The example of the North Sea demersal mixed fisheries under the existing eu fishery system	p. 192
Management objectives	p. 192
Management instruments	p. 194
The institutional setup of knowledge production	p. 195
Conclusions	p. 203
Introduction to the "MTAC Model" and its use for calculation of maximum number of sea days	p. 208
The EU implementation of the precautionary approach of fisheries management	p. 208
Mean number of sea days	p. 208
The STECF approach to mixed fisheries TACs	p. 209
Using the MTAC Model to calculate the number of sea-days	p. 212
References	p. 212
Issues Relevant to the European Level	p. 217
Fisheries Policy-Making: Production and Use of Knowledge	p. 219
Introduction	p. 219
The ICES-EU system	p. 220
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea	p. 220
European Union	p. 222
Regional fisheries management organisations	p. 231
North-West Atlantic Fisheries Organisation	p. 232
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna	p. 232
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean	p. 233
Elements of reform	p. 233
Conclusion	p. 235
Acknowledgements	p. 235
References	p. 236
Participation	p. 239
Decision making theory	p. 239
The incorporation of participation in modelling	p. 241
European institutions, participation and knowledge provision	p. 242
Different approaches to the problem: Modes of constructing a collaborative knowledge base	p. 244
Deference model	p. 245
Experience-based knowledge (EBK)	p. 246
Competing constructions	p. 250
Science as community	p. 255
Regional advisory councils	p. 256
Regional Advisory Councils and Participation	p. 256
The knowledge base of the Regional Advisory Councils	p. 258
Concluding remarks	p. 263
References	p. 264
Ecological Side-Effects of Fishing from the Fisheries Management Perspective	p. 267
Introduction	p. 267
Main ecological side-effects of fishing	p. 268
By-catches and discards	p. 268
Effects on the population level (changes in size structure and life history parameters)	p. 269
Effects on species diversity and genetic structure of communities	p. 270
Other effects on community structure	p. 271
Impacts on benthos and benthic habitats	p. 272
Ghost fishing	p. 273
Interaction between seabirds and fisheries	p. 274
Selected examples of EU fisheries having significant ecological side-effects and the related management actions	p. 274
Discards in EU fisheries-the case of the North Sea Flatfish Fisheries	p. 274
North Sea beam trawl fishery-effects on the benthic community	p. 277
Industrial fisheries for sandeel in the North Sea-effects on food resources for seabirds	p. 280
Gillnet and mid-water trawl fisheries in the North Sea-Effects on small cetaceans	p. 282
Driftnets for large pelagic species in the Mediterranean-effects on marine mammals	p. 283
Bottom trawls in the Mediterranean littoral zone-effects on sensitive habitats	p. 284
Current European fisheries management systems and ecological side-effects of fishing	p. 285
Conclusions	p. 287
References	p. 288
Fisheries-Based Management and Advice in Europe	p. 295
Introduction	p. 295
Context of the European Common Fisheries Policy	p. 296
Fishery-based management and advice in the CFP	p. 297
The North East Atlantic (NEA)	p. 297
The Mediterranean	p. 298
Towards fishery-based advice and management	p. 299
The MTAC model	p. 299
Data	p. 301
Relative stability and alternative management regimes	p. 301
Conclusion	p. 303
Acknowledgements	p. 304
References	p. 304
The Requirements of an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management	p. 307
Introduction	p. 307
The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management-What is it?	p. 308
The concept	p. 308
Management objectives	p. 310
Making high level objectives operational	p. 311
Indicators	p. 311
Dealing with uncertainty, complexity and subtle change	p. 314
Management tools	p. 317
MPAs	p. 317
Gear modifications	p. 319
Eco-labelling	p. 320
Conclusions	p. 323
References	p. 324
Delivering Complex Scientific Advice to Multiple Stakeholders	p. 329
Introduction	p. 329
Defining the problem	p. 331
The precautionary principle and the form of advice	p. 331
Creating a useful common picture of the situation	p. 332
The dimensions of the problem of formulating advice	p. 335
Multiple scales	p. 335
Multiple uses and multiple users	p. 338
Multiple objectives	p. 339
Multiple costs	p. 340
Modelling reality and the forms of advice	p. 341
Dealing with complexity and uncertainty in the provision of advice through models	p. 341
Communication knowledge and advice using models	p. 344
Use of indicators for communicating and relaying information	p. 345
The development of fisheries management strategies	p. 346
Conclusion	p. 350
References	p. 351
Non-Compliance and Fisheries Policy Formulation	p. 355
Introduction	p. 355
Non-compliance, the knowledge base and fisheries policy formulation	p. 356
Models of individuals' behaviour and non-compliance	p. 358
Empirical studies of compliance in fisheries	p. 363
The relationship between non-compliance and the management regime	p. 365
Modelling non-compliance	p. 366
Conclusions	p. 368
References	p. 369
Scenario Modelling as Support for Fisheries Management System Evaluation	p. 375
Operational Management Procedures: An Introduction to the Use of Evaluation Frameworks	p. 379
Introduction	p. 379
Rationale	p. 381
Management objectives	p. 382
Description of OMP approach	p. 385
Modelling considerations	p. 387
Modelling uncertainty	p. 387
Constructing operating models	p. 388
Comparing the OMP and conventional approaches	p. 391
Practical examples	p. 393
Icelandic cod	p. 393
International Whaling Commission	p. 395
South African sardine and anchovy	p. 399
Discussion	p. 401
Acknowledgements	p. 403
References	p. 403
Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) and Management Procedure (MP) Implementations in Practice: A Review of Constraints, Roles and Solutions	p. 409
Introduction	p. 409
MSE and MP implementations: The challenges	p. 410
Conflicting objectives	p. 410
Resistance among decision-makers	p. 411
Lack of technical and economic resources	p. 412
Stakeholder reluctance	p. 413
The communication gap	p. 414
The difficulty of including users' knowledge in scientific assessment	p. 414
The role of the different parties during the implementation process	p. 415
The role of the institutional setup	p. 415
The role of scientists in the process of implementation	p. 416
The role of stakeholders: Stakeholders' knowledge inclusion and active participation in the process	p. 416
Finding solutions: Bridging the gap between the parties	p. 418
Acknowledgements	p. 419
References	p. 420
Summary and Conclusions	p. 423
The Role of Science within Modern Management Processes with the Development of Model-Based Evaluation Tools	p. 425
Introduction	p. 425
Meeting new management challenges	p. 426
The knowledge base for modern management	p. 428
Decision-making with uncertain knowledge	p. 428
Management option evaluation by scenario modelling	p. 429
Towards an integrated management approach	p. 430
Constraints for introducing modern management procedures	p. 431
The role of science	p. 432
Science for scenario modelling	p. 433
Stakeholder participation	p. 434
Conclusion	p. 435
Acknowledgements	p. 436
References	p. 436
Acronyms	p. 437
Index	p. 443
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

The Knowledge Base for Fisheries Management

Volume 36

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

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