| List of Contributors | p. xi |
| Preface | p. xv |
| Principles and Methods | |
| Plant disease diagnosis | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Choice of diagnostic | p. 3 |
| Diagnosis by conventional techniques | p. 4 |
| Use of immunological reactions | p. 7 |
| Methods based on the nucleic acids of pathogens | p. 15 |
| Future trends in diagnosis | p. 28 |
| References | p. 32 |
| Disease assessment and yield loss | p. 43 |
| Introduction | p. 43 |
| Why assess disease and yield loss in plants? | p. 44 |
| Methods used in sampling plants for disease | p. 44 |
| Timing and frequency of disease assessment | p. 46 |
| Methods of disease assessment | p. 51 |
| Assessment of yield loss | p. 67 |
| Conclusions and future developments | p. 73 |
| References | p. 75 |
| Surveys of variation in virulence and fungicide resistance and their application to disease control | p. 81 |
| Introduction | p. 81 |
| Characterising individual pathogens | p. 81 |
| Populations and samples | p. 88 |
| Molecular detection of virulence and fungicide resistance | p. 91 |
| Characterising pathogen populations | p. 96 |
| Applications of pathogen survey data | p. 100 |
| Dissemination of survey results | p. 107 |
| Pathogen surveys and disease management | p. 109 |
| Acknowledgement | p. 109 |
| References | p. 110 |
| Infection strategies of plant parasitic fungi | p. 117 |
| Introduction | p. 117 |
| The pre-penetration phase | p. 118 |
| Entering the plant tissue | p. 120 |
| Strategies for colonizing the host tissue | p. 126 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 131 |
| References | p. 131 |
| Epidemiological consequences of plant disease resistance | p. 139 |
| Introduction | p. 139 |
| Horizontal resistance | p. 140 |
| Vertical resistance | p. 145 |
| Cultivar mixtures | p. 148 |
| Induced resistance | p. 150 |
| Non-host immunity | p. 153 |
| Tolerance | p. 153 |
| References | p. 156 |
| Dispersal of foliar plant pathogens: mechanisms, gradients and spatial patterns | p. 159 |
| Introduction | p. 159 |
| Underlying mechanisms: spore dispersal | p. 160 |
| Spore deposition and disease gradients | p. 174 |
| Disease spread: modelling development of foci | p. 180 |
| Conclusions | p. 185 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 185 |
| References | p. 186 |
| Pathogen population dynamics | p. 193 |
| Introduction | p. 193 |
| The measurement of populations | p. 193 |
| Time-scales | p. 195 |
| Changes in populations | p. 196 |
| Density-dependent and density independent factors | p. 197 |
| Short-term change in a static host population | p. 197 |
| Affected host tissue and pathogen multiply at comparable rates | p. 201 |
| Changes over time-scales longer than either crop or pathogen lifetime | p. 202 |
| Spatial population structure | p. 208 |
| p. 211 |
| References | p. 211 |
| Modelling and interpreting disease progress in time | p. 215 |
| Introduction | p. 215 |
| General considerations | p. 216 |
| Analysing individual epidemics | p. 217 |
| Reducing data dimension | p. 226 |
| Comparing epidemics | p. 229 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 235 |
| References | p. 235 |
| Disease forecasting | p. 239 |
| Introduction | p. 239 |
| What is forecasting? | p. 240 |
| Polycyclic and monocyclic diseases | p. 242 |
| Equipment | p. 242 |
| Forecasting schemes | p. 243 |
| Potatoes | p. 244 |
| Cereals | p. 251 |
| Oilseed rape | p. 258 |
| Conclusions | p. 260 |
| References | p. 264 |
| Diversification strategies | p. 269 |
| Introduction | p. 269 |
| Definitions | p. 271 |
| Benefits from spacial diversification: small-scale | p. 273 |
| Benefits of diversification in time (crop rotation) | p. 285 |
| Diversity and interactions | p. 287 |
| Responses of pest and pathogen populations to diversification strategies | p. 288 |
| Diversification strategies in practice | p. 293 |
| Conclusions | p. 296 |
| References | p. 297 |
| Epidemiology in sustainable systems | p. 309 |
| Introduction | p. 309 |
| Inoculum | p. 310 |
| Disease development | p. 319 |
| Control strategies | p. 324 |
| Conclusions | p. 330 |
| Acknowledgement | p. 331 |
| References | p. 332 |
| Information technology in plant disease epidemiology | p. 335 |
| Introduction | p. 335 |
| Definition of information technology in plant disease epidemiology | p. 336 |
| The world according to 'Google' | p. 337 |
| Real world data capture | p. 339 |
| Information accumulation or dissemination? | p. 340 |
| Bringing together disciplines | p. 342 |
| Models, expert systems and decision support systems | p. 343 |
| Some examples of DSS | p. 345 |
| Disease forecasting and decision making in an information theory framework | p. 346 |
| Where next? | p. 354 |
| Conclusions | p. 355 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 355 |
| References | p. 356 |
| Case Examples | |
| Seedborne diseases | p. 357 |
| Introduction | p. 357 |
| Epidemiology | p. 358 |
| Case studies | p. 361 |
| Future developments | p. 368 |
| References | p. 369 |
| Diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens | p. 373 |
| Introduction | p. 373 |
| The soil-borne disease epidemic | p. 374 |
| Modelling soil-borne disease epidemiology | p. 379 |
| Conclusion | p. 384 |
| References | p. 384 |
| Wind-dispersed diseases | p. 387 |
| Introduction | p. 387 |
| Meteorological and biotic effects on the phases of the asexual life cycle | p. 388 |
| Survival and sexual state | p. 402 |
| Population dynamics | p. 404 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 406 |
| References | p. 408 |
| Environmental biophysics applied to the dispersal of fungal spores by rain-splash | p. 417 |
| Introduction | p. 417 |
| Removal of spores by splash of single incident drops | p. 417 |
| From a single impacting raindrop to splash droplets | p. 419 |
| Influence of target characteristics on splash parameters | p. 425 |
| Relevant characteristics of rainfall-canopy interactions | p. 430 |
| Characterizing rainfall in relation to splash-dispersed pathogen diseases | p. 435 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 439 |
| References | p. 441 |
| Potato late blight | p. 445 |
| Introduction | p. 445 |
| Population biology of P. infestans | p. 446 |
| Pathogen biology | p. 450 |
| Late blight management | p. 457 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 464 |
| References | p. 465 |
| Apple scab: role of environment in pathogen and epidemic development | p. 473 |
| Introduction | p. 473 |
| Aetiology of apple scab | p. 473 |
| Predicting apple scab risk based on the physical-environment | p. 475 |
| Predicting apple scab risk based on primary inoculum levels | p. 481 |
| Summary | p. 485 |
| Acknowledgement | p. 486 |
| References | p. 486 |
| Onion diseases | p. 491 |
| Introduction: world onions | p. 491 |
| Onion diseases | p. 493 |
| Case histories: seedborne diseases | p. 493 |
| Case histories: foliar diseases | p. 497 |
| Case histories: soilborne diseases | p. 506 |
| Concluding remarks | p. 512 |
| Acknowledgements | p. 513 |
| References | p. 513 |
| The recent epidemic of cassava mosaic virus disease in Uganda | p. 521 |
| Introduction | p. 521 |
| Cassava and cassava mosaic disease in Africa | p. 522 |
| Cassava and cassava mosaic disease in Uganda | p. 525 |
| The 1990s epidemic in Uganda | p. 526 |
| General epidemiological features of cassava mosaic disease | p. 544 |
| References | p. 546 |
| Index | p. 551 |
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