
The Earth Machine
The Science of a Dynamic Planet
By: Edmond A. Mathez
Paperback | 8 May 2007 | Edition Number 1
At a Glance
378 Pages
22+
25.25 x 17.74 x 2.12
Paperback
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From the scorching center of Earth's core to the outer limits of its atmosphere, from the gradual process of erosion that carved the Grand Canyon to the earth-shaking fury of volcanoes and earthquakes, this fascinating book -- inspired by the award-winning Hall of Planet Earth at New York City's American Museum of Natural History -- tells the story of the evolution of our planet and of the science that makes it work. With the same exuberance and expertise they brought to the creation of the Hall of Planet Earth, co-curators Edmond A. Mathez and James D. Webster offer a guided tour of Earth's dynamic, 4.6-billion-year history.
Including numerous full-color photographs of the innovative exhibit and helpful, easy-to-understand illustrations, the authors explore the major factors in our planet's evolution: how Earth emerged from the swirling dusts of a nascent solar system; how an oxygen-rich, life-sustaining atmosphere developed; how continents, mountain ranges, and oceans formed; and how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions alter Earth's surface. Traversing geologic time and delving into the depths of the planet- -- beginning with meteorites containing minuscule particles that are the solar system's oldest known objects, and concluding with the unusual microbial life that lives on the chemical and thermal energy produced by sulfide vents in the ocean floor -- "The Earth Machine" provides an up-to-date overview of the central theories and discoveries in earth science today. By incorporating stories of real-life fieldwork, Mathez and Webster explain how Earth is capable of supporting life, how even the smallest rocks can hold the key to explaining the formation of mountains, and how scientists have learned to read nature's subtle clues and interpret Earth's ever-evolving narrative.
Industry Reviews
| Preface | p. xi |
| How Has Earth Evolved? | p. 1 |
| The Birth of Planet Earth | p. 3 |
| From Meteorites to Earth | p. 3 |
| The Formation of the Moon | p. 8 |
| Early Earth Organizes Itself | p. 8 |
| The Emergence of an Atmosphere and an Ocean | p. 11 |
| Learning the Age of Earth | p. 13 |
| The Seeds of Doubt | p. 13 |
| The Emergence of the Revolutionary Concept of an Old Earth | p. 15 |
| Radioactivity and the Age of Earth | p. 19 |
| The Evolution of the Continents | p. 23 |
| Earth: The Only Planet with a Continental Crust | p. 25 |
| The Continents and Continental Crust | p. 28 |
| The First Continental Crust | p. 30 |
| The Assembly of the Continents | p. 32 |
| Life and Conditions on Early Earth | p. 36 |
| Ancient Microbes | p. 37 |
| Banded Iron Formations and Oxygenation of the Atmosphere and Ocean | p. 38 |
| A Warm Early Earth? | p. 44 |
| The Appearance of Animals and Explosion of Life in the Cambrian | p. 46 |
| Reading Rocks: The Story of the Grand Canyon | p. 49 |
| How Sedimentary Rocks Describe Ancient Environments | p. 51 |
| Evidence of Missing Rock | p. 56 |
| How Old Is the Grand Canyon? | p. 57 |
| Why Are There Ocean Basins, Continents, and Mountains? | p. 63 |
| Internal Earth | p. 65 |
| The Core | p. 66 |
| The Magnetic Field | p. 69 |
| Convection in the Core and Origin of the Geomagnetic Field | p. 72 |
| Earth's Internal Heat | p. 76 |
| The Mantle | p. 78 |
| Convection in the Mantle | p. 80 |
| Plate Tectonics | p. 84 |
| Continental Drift: An Idea Proposed Before Its Time | p. 85 |
| Wegener's Theory of Continental Drift | p. 87 |
| From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics | p. 89 |
| Plate Boundaries: Where the Action Is | p. 93 |
| Plate Motions and Continental Reconstruction | p. 98 |
| Lavas from the Depths of Earth | p. 99 |
| Hawaii | p. 99 |
| Kilauea Volcano | p. 102 |
| Volcanoes of the Mid-Ocean Ridges | p. 106 |
| Great Lava Floods and the Columbia River Basalts | p. 111 |
| Great Explosive Volcanoes | p. 116 |
| The Nature of Explosive Volcanism | p. 117 |
| How Gases Drive Explosive Eruptions | p. 118 |
| Vesuvius: The Anatomy of an Explosive Eruption | p. 121 |
| Tambora: Volcanoes and Climate Change | p. 123 |
| Krakatau: An Explosion that Reverberated Around the World | p. 127 |
| Great Prehistoric Eruptions | p. 130 |
| Granite | p. 133 |
| Earthquakes | p. 137 |
| Why Do Earthquakes Occur? | p. 138 |
| How Earthquakes Are Measured | p. 139 |
| How Earthquakes Destroy | p. 141 |
| Fault Behavior and Calculating the Odds | p. 145 |
| Short-term Prediction | p. 148 |
| The San Andreas Fault Zone, California | p. 149 |
| The Great Alaska Earthquake | p. 152 |
| Mountains | p. 156 |
| The Shape of Earth and Why Mountains Are High | p. 157 |
| The Importance of Erosion | p. 160 |
| The Folding of Rocks | p. 162 |
| The Metamorphism of Rocks | p. 167 |
| The Alps | p. 172 |
| The Beginnings of Alpine Research | p. 173 |
| The Formation and Structure of the Alps | p. 176 |
| What Causes Earth's Climate and Climate Change? | p. 183 |
| The Atmosphere | p. 185 |
| The Structure of the Atmosphere | p. 185 |
| Global Atmospheric Circulation | p. 188 |
| Greenhouse Earth: The Troposphere Story | p. 190 |
| Ozone: The Stratosphere Story | p. 193 |
| The Importance of Clouds | p. 196 |
| The World Ocean | p. 197 |
| The Important Properties of Water | p. 197 |
| Why Is the Ocean Salty? | p. 198 |
| The Global Ocean Conveyor System | p. 200 |
| Ocean Surface Currents | p. 202 |
| Upwelling and Downwelling | p. 205 |
| El Nino and La Nina | p. 205 |
| The Geological Record of Climate Change | p. 209 |
| Climate Forcing Factors | p. 209 |
| The Climate Record in Greenland Ice | p. 212 |
| Some Other Indicators of Past Climate | p. 219 |
| The Ice Age | p. 223 |
| Why Is Earth Habitable? | p. 227 |
| Conditions for Life | p. 229 |
| Water: The Essential Ingredient | p. 230 |
| The Carbon Cycle | p. 233 |
| Earth, Venus, and Mars | p. 239 |
| Earth's Intangible Shields | p. 240 |
| Black Smokers from the Deep | p. 242 |
| How Hydrothermal Vent Fields Form | p. 244 |
| Life at Hydrothermal Vents | p. 246 |
| Did Life Originate in Deep-Sea Vents? | p. 250 |
| Heat and Water: What Goes In, and What Goes Out | p. 254 |
| Some Natural Resources and How They Form | p. 255 |
| What Salt, Gold, and Coal Have in Common | p. 256 |
| Ore Deposits from Hot Water | p. 260 |
| An Ancient Analogue of Black Smokers | p. 265 |
| Ore Deposits from Magmas | p. 267 |
| Notes | p. 273 |
| Glossary | p. 299 |
| Bibliography | p. 305 |
| Index | p. 327 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780231125796
ISBN-10: 0231125798
Published: 8th May 2007
Format: Paperback
Language: English
Number of Pages: 378
Audience: General Adult
For Ages: 22+ years old
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Country of Publication: GB
Edition Number: 1
Dimensions (cm): 25.25 x 17.74 x 2.12
Weight (kg): 0.95
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