Tengu

The Shamanic and Esoteric Origins of the Japanese Martial Arts

By: Roald Knutsen

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Hardcover | 15 August 2011

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Hardcover
282 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
16.4 x 24.2 x 2.3

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This fully illustrated volume, including an eight-page colour-plate section, is the first in-depth study in English to examine the warrior and shamanic characteristics and significance of tengu in the martial art culture (bugei) of Muromachi Japan (1336-1573).
According to Roald Knutsen, who is widely known for his writings on the samurai tradition, prompting his life-long study of tengu - the part-human, part-animal creatures - was the early discovery that the tengu of the Muromachi period were interacting with the deadly serious bugei masters teaching the arts of war. Here were beings who did not conform to the comic, goblin-like creatures of common folklore and were not the creations of the Buddhist priests intent on demonizing that which they did not understand and could not control.
As this study shows, the part-hidden tengu under review passed on and taught the clearest theory of tactics and strategy to bushi of the highest calibre, the absorption and mastery of which often decided if the warrior and his clan lived or were annihilated on the all-too-frequent killing grounds of the Muromachi age.
Tengu will be widely welcomed in many contexts including studies relating to martial arts, religion and folklore, shamanism and mythology, and the social and military history of Japan.

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Foreword	p. xi
List of Figures	p. xix
List of Plates	p. xxii
List of Maps	p. xxiv
Introduction	p. 1
TheTengu	p. 9
About Shamanism in the Present Context	p. 12
Shamanism	p. 15
Examples of shamanic practices	p. 19
Communing with the Gods	p. 28
The Drum and Mirrors	p. 31
Shape-Shifting and Therianthropes	p. 32
Initiatory Dreams	p. 34
Origins	p. 36
Summary	p. 37
The Three Han Commanderies, the Samhan	p. 39
Kibi and the Yamato Settlement	p. 41
Cultic Symbols	p. 43
The Deer Cult and the Tree of Life	p. 43
Iron Smithing	p. 48
GrifHn Symbolism	p. 48
Armour, Weapons, and Divine Protection	p. 49
The Transition from the Griffin to the Hawk and Crow	p. 51
The Shaman and his Drum	p. 57
The ancient Sword Kashira	p. 64
Shamanism and the Japanese Context	p. 66
Mastery of Fire and Internal Heat	p. 68
Shape-shifting	p. 69
Transition from the Ancient to the Medieval Period	p. 72
Attraction of the Mountains	p. 76
En-no-Gyoja	p. 78
The Proto-yamabushi	p. 81
Introduction of the Buddhist Mikkyo	p. 84
The Hijiri Experience	p. 86
Zao-gongen	p. 88
Were the 'Protectors' the Proto-Yamabushi?	p. 89
Sacred and 'protected' Mountains	p. 90
The Zenki and Goki figures	p. 96
Comparisons	p. 100
An Alternative Origin for the Tengu	p. 104
Apparitions	p. 108
The Appeal of Marishi-ten	p. 111
Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune and Kurama-yama	p. 112
The Bishop's Valley	p. 113
Yamabushi and Tengu in the early-Muromachi Period	p. 116
Tengu as Mounted Infantry?	p. 117
Tengu Weapons and Other Items	p. 119
Dai-tengu and Sho-tengu in the Iconography	p. 126
Shugendo Honzon and Kurama Shinkage-ryu Densho	p. 126
Dai-tengu Figures	p. 128
Sho-tengu Figures	p. 130
Two Final Honzon	p. 134
Messenger of the Deities	p. 138
Huginn and Muninn, Messengers of Odin, and the Yatagarasu	p. 140
Observations	p. 141
Bugei Tengu Iconography	p. 144
The So-jutsu Densho	p. 145
So-jutsu Mokuroku Scroll - Edo-jidai	p. 148
The Shinkage-ryu Tengu	p. 150
Two final Tora-no-maki and Densho	p. 152
Marishi-ten and 'Divine Assistance'	p. 155
Winged Therianthropic Figures	p. 158
The 'Caped Wings'	p. 159
Tentative Conclusions	p. 161
In-yo-kigaku - The Interpretation of the Yin-yang in the Tao	p. 164
Tengu and the Ko-ryu	p. 166
Influence of the Yamabushi	p. 171
The Okuden Levels	p. 175
The Lessons to be Drawn from the Tengu Figures	p. 177
Tengu Revisited	p. 183
Endnotes	p. 189
Glossary	p. 203
Bibliography	p. 233
Index	p. 237
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Tengu

The Shamanic and Esoteric Origins of the Japanese Martial Arts

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

Defective items

You Can Find This Book In

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