Surface Water

1. The Hydrologic Cycle.- 1.1. Some Preliminary Observations on Water.- 1.2. Hydrology.- 1.3. The Hydrologic Cycle.- 1.4. Some Basic Principles of Hydrology.- 1.5. Terrain Hydrology.- 1.5.1. Arid and semi-arid terrains.- 1.5.2. Limestone terrains.- 1.5.3. Coastal terrains.- 1.6. Change in the Hydrologic Cycle.- 1.7. Wastage in the Hydrologic Cycle.- 1.8. The International Hydrologie Decade.- 1.9. The United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade.- 1.10. Drought, a Disruption in the Hydrologic Cycle.- 1.11. Isotopes in the Hydrologic Cycle.- 1.12. The Global Water Balance.- 2. The Atmosphere.- 2.1. Energy in the Atmosphere.- 2.2. Atmospheric Moisture.- 2.2.1 Stable isotopes.- 2.2.2. Unstable isotopes.- 2.3. Environmental Isotopes in Hydrometeorology.- 2.4. Circulation in the Atmosphere.- 2.5. Measurement of Precipitation.- 2.6. Measurement of Evaporation.- 2.7. Gauging of Snow.- 2.8. Atmospheric Water in Soil Erosion.- 2.9. Wind and Pressure.- 2.10. The Earth and its Atmosphere.- 3. Rivers.- 3.1. Rates of Flow and Discharge of Rivers.- 3.1.1. Constant rate injection method.- 3.1.2. Integration method.- 3.2. The Basin Hydrologic Cycle.- 3.3. Basin Morphometry.- 3.4. River Load.- 3.5. River Erosion Studies.- 3.6. The Forms of Channels.- 3.7. Flood Hazards.- 3.8. Water Movement through Soil.- 4. Lakes and other Surface Water Manifestations.- 4.1. General Characteristics of Lakes.- 4.1.1. Tectonic Lakes.- 4.1.2. Glacial Lakes.- 4.1.3. Volcanic Lakes.- 4.2. Dynamics of Lakes and Reservoirs.- 4.3. Leakages from Lakes and Reservoirs.- 4.4. 18O and D Concentrations with Reference to the Water Balance of Lakes.- 4.5. The Total Lake Water Resources of the Earth.- 4.6. Springs.- 4.7. Snow Packs and Glaciers.- 5. The Oceans.- 5.1. Seas and Oceans.- 5.2. Structure of Oceanic Basins.- 5.2.1. Seismic refraction.- 5.2.2. Gravity measurements.- 5.3. Oceanic Circulation.- 5.4. Other Motions in the Oceans.- 5.4.1. Tides.- 5.4.2. Waves.- 5.5. Coastlines.- 5.6. The Deposits of the Deep Oceans.- 5.7. The History of the Deep Oceans.- 5.8. The Chemistry and Biology of the Seas.- Author Index.- Places Index.