| Application of Neural Networks in High Assurance Systems: A Survey | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Application Domains | p. 3 |
| Aircraft Control | p. 4 |
| Automotive | p. 4 |
| Power Systems | p. 5 |
| Medical Systems | p. 6 |
| Other Applications | p. 7 |
| Toward V&V of NNs in High Assurance Systems | p. 8 |
| V&V of Software Systems | p. 8 |
| V&V Issues and Gaps for NN-Based Applications | p. 10 |
| V&V Approaches for Neural Networks | p. 11 |
| Conclusions | p. 15 |
| References | p. 16 |
| Robust Adaptive Control Revisited: Semi-global Boundedness and Margins | p. 21 |
| Introduction | p. 21 |
| Problem Statement | p. 22 |
| Adaptive Controller | p. 24 |
| Reference Model | p. 24 |
| Adaptive Controller Design | p. 24 |
| Stability Analysis | p. 25 |
| Delay Margins | p. 25 |
| (1,1) Pade Approximation (¿ =¿1 (s)u) | p. 26 |
| (2,2) Pade Approximation (¿ =¿ 2 (s)u) | p. 30 |
| Nonlinearity Margins | p. 31 |
| Interpretation of Theorem 3 | p. 34 |
| Numerical Model: Hypersonic Vehicle | p. 34 |
| Relation between e(t0), ε(xp), and N | p. 36 |
| References | p. 38 |
| Appendix | p. 39 |
| Network Complexity Analysis of Multilayer Feedforward Artificial Neural Networks | p. 41 |
| Introduction | p. 41 |
| Pruning Algorithms | p. 44 |
| Computer Simulation Results | p. 50 |
| Summary | p. 53 |
| References | p. 53 |
| Design and Flight Test of an Intelligent Flight Control System | p. 57 |
| Introduction | p. 57 |
| IFCS Program | p. 58 |
| IFCS Experiment | p. 59 |
| Controller Architecture | p. 61 |
| Requirements Validation | p. 63 |
| System Stability | p. 64 |
| Aeroservoelastic Margin | p. 64 |
| Handling Qualities | p. 66 |
| Nonlinear Systems Requirements Validation | p. 67 |
| Flight Controls Software and System Verification | p. 70 |
| Flight Test | p. 74 |
| Conclusions | p. 75 |
| References | p. 76 |
| Stability, Convergence, and Verification and Validation Challenges of Neural Net Adaptive Flight Control | p. 77 |
| Introduction | p. 77 |
| Convergence and Stability of Neural Net Direct Adaptive Flight Control | p. 79 |
| Direct Adaptive Control Approach | p. 80 |
| Stability and Convergence | p. 82 |
| Unmodeled Dynamics | p. 90 |
| Potential Improvements | p. 93 |
| Direct Adaptive Control with Recursive Least Squares | p. 93 |
| Hybrid Direct-Indirect Adaptive Control with Recursive Least-Squares | p. 96 |
| Verification and Validation Challenges for Adaptive Systems | p. 99 |
| Simulation of Adaptive Control Systems | p. 99 |
| Approach for Adaptive System V&V | p. 101 |
| Future Research | p. 103 |
| Adaptive Control | p. 103 |
| Verification and Validation | p. 105 |
| Conclusions | p. 107 |
| References | p. 107 |
| Dynamic Allocation in Neural Networks for Adaptive Controllers | p. 111 |
| Introduction | p. 111 |
| Paper Overview | p. 113 |
| Dynamic Allocation in Neural Networks | p. 113 |
| Dynamic Cell Structures | p. 114 |
| Components of DCS Neural Netwrork | p. 114 |
| DCS Algorithm | p. 117 |
| Robustness Analysis of Dynamic Allocation | p. 119 |
| Node Insertion | p. 119 |
| Analysis for UC1 (Undesirable Condition 1) | p. 120 |
| Analysis for UC2 (Undesirable Condition 2) | p. 122 |
| Data-Driven Dynamic Allocation Algorithm | p. 127 |
| Case Study | p. 131 |
| Conclusion | p. 138 |
| References | p. 138 |
| Immune Systems Inspired Approach to Anomaly Detection, Fault Localization and Diagnosis in Automotive Engines | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| Research Issues in Immune Systems Engineering | p. 143 |
| Anomaly Detection and Fault Localization | p. 146 |
| Fault Diagnosis | p. 148 |
| Automatic Control System Reconfiguration | p. 149 |
| Anomaly Detection, Fault Isolation and Diagnosis in an Automotive Electronic Throttle System | p. 150 |
| Anomaly Detection and Fault Isolation | p. 150 |
| Fault Diagnosis | p. 152 |
| Fever-Like Behavior in the Presence of an Unknown Fault | p. 153 |
| Anomaly Detection and Fault Isolation in Automotive Crankshaft Dynamics | p. 156 |
| Conclusions and Future Work | p. 160 |
| References | p. 161 |
| Pitch-Depth Control of Submarine Operating in Shallow Water via Neuro-adaptive Approach | p. 165 |
| Introduction | p. 165 |
| Dynamics | p. 166 |
| Nonlinear Model | p. 167 |
| Fault Dynamics | p. 168 |
| Control Design | p. 169 |
| Nonlinear Model | p. 169 |
| Stability Analysis | p. 171 |
| Simulation Results | p. 172 |
| Conclusions | p. 177 |
| References | p. 177 |
| Stick-Slip Friction Compensation Using a General Purpose Neuro-adaptive Controller with Guaranteed Stability | p. 179 |
| Introduction | p. 179 |
| The Neural-Network-Based Control Strategy | p. 182 |
| Indirect Adaptive Neuro-Controller | p. 182 |
| Neural Network Scheme | p. 183 |
| Control Oriented On-Line Identification Method | p. 183 |
| Mathematical Description of the Control Scheme | p. 184 |
| Training Multilayer Neural Network (MLP) | p. 186 |
| Back-Propagation through the Model | p. 186 |
| Stability Analysis | p. 187 |
| Implementing the Proposed Adaptive-Neuro Control Method | p. 188 |
| NN Identifier Block | p. 188 |
| NN Controller Block | p. 191 |
| Controller Error Sensitivity Feedback Block | p. 191 |
| Simulation Studies | p. 192 |
| Example 1: A Non-linear System with a Second-Order Difference Equation and Variable Reference Model | p. 192 |
| Example 2: A Non-linear Plant Subjected to Uncertainty | p. 194 |
| Stick-Slip Friction Compensation Using the Introduced Neuro-Control Algorithm | p. 195 |
| Problem Statement | p. 195 |
| Simulation Results | p. 196 |
| Conclusions | p. 200 |
| References | p. 201 |
| Modeling of Crude Oil Blending via Discrete-Time Neural Networks | p. 205 |
| Introduction | p. 205 |
| Crude Oil Blending | p. 206 |
| Modeling of Crude Oil Blending via Discrete-Time Neural Networks | p. 208 |
| Application Study | p. 213 |
| Conclusion | p. 218 |
| References | p. 219 |
| Adaptive Self-Tuning Wavelet Neural Network Controller for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell | |
| Introduction | p. 222 |
| PEMFC System Model | p. 223 |
| Wavelet Neural Network and Identification Algorithm | p. 226 |
| Wavelet Neural Network | p. 226 |
| System Model Identification | p. 228 |
| Proposed Controller Design | p. 230 |
| Neural Network Controller Based on Wavelet | p. 230 |
| PID Neural Network Controller Based on Wavelets | p. 230 |
| Simulation Results | p. 232 |
| Identification of PEMFC | p. 232 |
| Control of PEMFC without Noise | p. 233 |
| Control of PEMFC with Input Noise | p. 236 |
| Control of PEMFC with Output Noise Problem | p. 240 |
| Conclusions | p. 244 |
| References | p. 244 |
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