State Responsibility

Part I. The Framework of Responsibility: 1. Historical development; 2. Key concepts; 3. Corollaries of breach of an international obligation; Part II. Attribution to the State: 4. Organs and entities exercising governmental authority; 5. Direction and control by the State; 6. Other cases of attribution; Part III. Breach: 7. Breach: the material element; 8. Breach: the temporal element; 9. Circumstances precluding wrongfulness; Part IV. Collective or Ancillary Responsibility: 10. Responsibility in cases of joint or collective conduct; 11. Responsibility for breaches of communitarian norms; 12. Ancillary and secondary responsibility; 13. Succession to responsibility; Part V. Cessation and Reparation: 14. Restoration of legal relations after breach; 15. Reparation; 16. Remedies; Part VI. The Implementation of Responsibility: 17. The claims process; 18. Claims on behalf of others: diplomatic and functional protection; 19. Implementation of responsibility by judicial process; 20. Invocation in cases involving multiple parties; 21. Implementation of responsibility by extra-judicial process; Appendix 1. ILC Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (2001); Appendix 2. General Assembly Resolution 56/83, 12 December 2001; General Assembly Resolution 59/35, 2 December 2004; General Assembly Resolution 62/61, 6 December 2007; General Assembly Resolution 65/19, 6 December 2010; Appendix 3. ILC Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection (2006); Appendix 4. ILC Draft Articles on State Responsibility (as proposed by F. V. Garcia-Amador, 1961); Appendix 5. ILC Draft Articles on State Responsibility (as adopted on first reading, 1996); Appendix 6. ILC Draft Articles on Responsibility of International Organizations (2010).