Springer Solid-State Sciences

1. Introduction.- 2. Thermodynamics.- 2.1 Systems.- 2.2 State Variables.- 2.3 Equations of State.- 2.4 First Law of Thermodynamics.- 2.5 Second Law of Thermodynamics.- 2.6 Thermal Efficiency.- 2.7 Reversibility and Entropy.- 2.8 Chemical Potential.- 2.9 Thermodynamic Potentials.- 2.10 Equilibrium.- 2.10.1 General criteria.- 2.10.2 Interphase mass transfer.- 2.11 Chemical Equilibrium.- 2.12 Thermochemical Calculations.- 2.12.1 General discussion and approximations.- 2.12.2 Sources for thermochemical data.- Problems.- 3. Phase Equilibria and Phase Diagrams.- 3.1 Clausius-Clapeyron Relation.- 3.2 Gibbs Phase Rule.- 3.3 Monocomponent Systems.- 3.4 Binary Systems.- 3.4.1 Definitions and general remarks.- 3.4.2 Ideal solutions.- 3.4.3 Real solutions.- 3.4.4 Invariant transitions.- 3.4.5 Ordered and intermediate phases.- 3.4.6 Congruent and incongruent melting.- 3.4.7 Vapor-liquid-solid equilibria.- 3.5 Ternary Systems.- 3.6 Sources for Phase Diagrams and Solubility Data.- Problems.- 4. Crystal Growth and Phase Diagrams.- 4.1 The Ideal System.- 4.2 Classification of Fluid to Solid Processes.- 4.3 Liquid-Solid Equilibria.- 4.3.1 Congruent and incongruent solidification.- 4.3.2 Crystallization from solutions.- 4.4 Vapor-Condensed Phase Equilibria.- 4.4.1 Vapor composition control.- 4.4.2 Vapor-solid equilibria.- 4.5 Container Materials.- Problems.- 5. Mass Transport and Heat Transfer.- 5.1 Fluxes and References Frames.- 5.2 Diffusion.- 5.2.1 Driving potentials.- 5.2.2 Concentration or ordinary diffusion.- 5.2.3 Diffusion coefficients.- 5.2.4 Thermal diffusion.- 5.2.5 Pressure diffusion.- 5.2.6 Forced diffusion (electromigration).- 5.3 Forced Convective Flow.- 5.3.1 Equations of change.- 5.3.2 Flow near solid-fluid interfaces.- 5.3.3 Viscosities.- 5.4 Convective-Diffusive Mass Transfer.- 5.5 Non-Radiative Heat Transfer.- 5.5.1 Basic equations for non-radiative transfer.- 5.5.2 Coupled interfacial heat and mass transfer.- 5.5.3 Correlations of solutions to mass and heat transfer problems.- 5.5.4 Thermal diffusivities and boundary layers.- 5.6 Radiative Heat Transfer.- 5.6.1 Fundamental concepts.- 5.6.2 Applications of the radiative transfer concepts.- 5.6.3 Combined conductive-convective-radiative heat transfer.- 5.7 Stefan Problems.- 5.8 Free Convection.- 5.8.1 Introductory Remarks.- 5.8.2 Buoyancy-driven convection.- 5.8.3 Surface-Tension-Driven Convection.- Problems.- 6. Segregation.- 6.1 Segregation Coefficients.- 6.2 Equilibrium Segregation.- 6.2.1 Thermodynamics of segregation.- 6.2.2 Experimental observations.- 6.3 Steady-State Segregation.- 6.3.1 Segregation in growth from a nutrient of uniform density.- 6.3.2 Segregation in growth from a nutrient of non-uniform density.- 6.3.3 Experimental observations.- 6.4 Macrodistribution.- 6.4.1 Normal freezing.- 6.4.2 Zone melting.- 6.4.3 Uniform composition.- 6.5 Microdistribution.- 6.5.1 Non-steady segregation.- 6.5.2 Non-equilibrium segregation.- Problems.- Appendices.- A. Universal Gas Constant.- B. Thermodynamic Functions.- C. Derivations of some Relations Used in Sect. 5.2.- References.