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Springer Optical Sciences

Recent Developments

By: Vesselinka Petrova-Koch (Editor), Rudolf Hezel (Editor), Adolf Goetzberger (Editor)

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Hardcover | 20 November 2008

At a Glance

Hardcover
248 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
24.13 x 15.88 x 1.27

Hardcover

$169.00

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A bird's-eye view of the development and problems of recent photovoltaic cells and systems and prospects for Si feedstock is presented.

High-efficient low-cost PV modules, making use of novel efficient solar cells (based on c-Si or III-V materials), and low cost solar concentrators are in the focus of this book.

Recent developments of organic photovoltaics, which is expected to overcome its difficulties and to enter the market soon, are also included.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Energy Technology & Engineering Other Technologies & Applied Sciences Applied Optics Laser Technology & Holography Science Physics Optical Physics Technology in General Engineering in General Electronics & Communications Engineering

Electronics Engineering Electronic Devices & Materials

Preface	p. v
List of Contributors	p. xv
Milestones of Solar Conversion and Photovoltaics	p. 1
Prehistory	p. 1
Milestones of Photovoltaics	p. 1
From Extraterrestrial to Terrestrial Applications	p. 7
Introduction	p. 7
Solar Cells for Space	p. 8
Closer to the Limit	p. 10
Material Quality	p. 11
Back Surface Reflector (BSR)	p. 12
Back Surface Field (BSF)	p. 12
The Violet Cell [10]	p. 13
Textured Surfaces	p. 13
Contacts	p. 14
Bypass Function [13]	p. 14
Surface Passivation	p. 14
Low-Intensity, Low-Temperature Operation	p. 14
Solar Cell Assembly	p. 15
High Efficiency Solar Cells	p. 15
Cost Reduction Measures	p. 21
Silicon Production	p. 21
Bulk Material	p. 21
Cell Contacts	p. 21
Encapsulation	p. 22
Concentrating Systems - A New Opportunity for High Efficiency Space Solar Cells	p. 22
References	p. 25
PV Solar Electricity: From a Niche Market to One of the Most Important Mainstream Markets for Electricity	p. 29
General Overview	p. 29
PV Solar Electricity Market History	p. 31
Price and Competitiveness of PV Solar Electricity	p. 33
Future Market Development	p. 38
Technology Evolution	p. 39
References	p. 43
Advanced Solar-Grade Si Material	p. 45
Introduction	p. 45
Production Pathways for Solar Silicon Feedstock	p. 45
Metallurgical Grade Silicon: Carbothermic Reduction of Silica as a Starting Point for Most Pathways	p. 45
Established Production Methods: Purification of Metallurgical Silicon via the "Silane Route" is Dominating	p. 46
Differences in Using TCS or Silane as Feedstock	p. 47
Accommodation of the Processes to the PV Requirements	p. 50
The Myths of the "High-Energy/High-Cost" Rating of Established Silane-Based Polysilicon Deposition Technologies	p. 52
Alternative Technologies for the Production of Solar-Grade Feedstock: Purification of Metallurgical Silicon via Melt Treatment/Crystallization is Dominating	p. 53
Alternative Vapor-Phase Deposition Technologies?	p. 53
Time to Market	p. 53
Summary	p. 53
References	p. 54
EFG Ribbon Technology	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
EFG process	p. 55
A Novel High-Efficiency Rear-Contact Solar Cell with Bifacial Sensitivity	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Structure of the Bifacial Rear-Contact Solar Cell	p. 67
High-Efficiency and Low-Cost Production Features	p. 68
Inherent Passivation of the Base Contacts	p. 69
Processing Sequence	p. 70
Production Technology	p. 71
Back-Surface Grooving	p. 71
Metallization by Oblique Evaporation	p. 72
Surface Passivation by PECVD Silicon Nitride	p. 75
Interconnection Technology Based on Conductive Adhesives	p. 80
Cell Results	p. 81
Efficiency Perspectives	p. 82
Silicon Substrate Options	p. 84
Application of Bifacial Solar Cells	p. 86
General Applications of Bifacial Flat Panels	p. 86
Integration of Bifacial PV Modules in Low-Cost Concentrating Systems	p. 87
Multifunctional Bifacial PV Elements	p. 88
Conclusions	p. 90
References	p. 91
Commercial High-Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells	p. 95
Introduction	p. 95
The Point-Contact Solar Cell	p. 95
The HIT Solar Cell	p. 97
The Buried-Contact Solar Cell	p. 98
References	p. 99
III-V Solar Cells and Concentrator Arrays	p. 101
Introduction: Early History of Heterostructures and III-V Solar Cells	p. 101
Single-Junction AlGaAs/GaAs Concentrator Solar Cells	p. 105
Multijunction Solar Cells	p. 109
GaInP/GaAs Dual-Junction Solar Cells	p. 10
Hybrid Triple-Junction GaInP/GaAs-GaSb Monolithic/Mechanically Stacked Solar Cells	p. 114
Monolithic GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cells	p. 116
Concentrator PV Modules and Installations with III-V Solar Cells	p. 120
Concentrator Modules with Mini-lens Panels: Design and Fabrication	p. 124
Outdoor Measurements of the Test Modules with Mini-lens Panels	p. 127
Perspectives of the Efficiency Increase in III-V Solar Cells	p. 128
Conclusion	p. 132
References	p. 133
The Economic Perspective: Is Concentrator PV Capable of Breaking the Economic Barrier	p. 143
Climate Change and Depletion of Fossil fuels	p. 143
Photovoltaic as Part of Global Energy Trends	p. 143
Growth Perspective of Photovoltaic	p. 144
Cost Reduction as the Major Target	p. 147
Cost Potentials of the Current Technologies	p. 147
Thin-Film PV in Comparison to Crystalline Silicon PV: Advantages in Price, Performance and Large Size	p. 148
CPV in Comparison to Crystalline Silicon Flat-Plate PV	p. 149
Conclusion: Cost Potential to Reach "Grid Parity"	p. 149
Meeting the Tremendous Growth Perspective	p. 151
Growth Beyond all Imagination	p. 151
Multi-GWp Capability	p. 151
The Market in 2030: Will There Be a Winning Technology?	p. 153
Cost Barriers for Leaving the Niche	p. 153
Explosive Growth of PV - Low Rate of Innovation	p. 153
High Growth at High Price Levels - the Problem of a Subsidized Industry	p. 154
Solar Energy: Abundant Quantity but Low Density	p. 155
The Learning Curve of CPV: Quick or Slow	p. 155
Concentration on the Strength Factors	p. 155
Learning from the LED and Photonic Industries	p. 155
Solar*Tec AG's Approach to CPV	p. 156
References	p. 158
Fluorescent Solar Energy Concentrators: Principle and Present State of Development	p. 159
Principle	p. 159
Concentrator Stacks	p. 161
Light Guiding by Photonic Band Pass Mirrors	p. 163
Factors Determining Energy Efficiency of Fluorescent Concentrators	p. 164
Theoretical Limits of Concentration and Efficiency	p. 166
Limit of Concentration	p. 166
Limit of Efficiency	p. 167
Improvements of Basic Design	p. 168
Optical Concentrators at the Collector Output	p. 168
Combination of Fluorescent Collector with Large Area Si-Solar Cell	p. 168
Combination of Fluorescent Concentrator with Up-Conversion	p. 169
Combination of Collector Stack with Band Pass Mirror	p. 171
Experimental Results	p. 172
Results of the Initial Period	p. 172
Recent Experimental and Theoretical Work	p. 173
References	p. 175
Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector Based on a Luminescent Concentrator	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
PV/T Hybrid Collector Based on a Luminescent Concentrator	p. 178
Conclusions	p. 181
References	p. 181
Installation Concept and Future Applications	p. 183
PV from the Customer Perspective	p. 183
PV Deployment Today	p. 186
Nondomestic Standalone Systems	p. 186
Domestic Standalone Systems	p. 187
Grid-Connected Central PV Systems	p. 188
Grid-Connected Decentral Systems	p. 189
PV Developments in the Future	p. 193
Design Rules for Efficient Organic Solar Cells	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
Material Design Rules for Donors in Single-Junction Solar Cells	p. 196
Toward Novel Polymeric Donors: Poly-Cyclic-Bridged-DiThieno Copolymers (PCPDT)	p. 200
Structural and Optical Properties of PCPDT	p. 201
Transport and Electrical Properties of PCPDT-BT	p. 203
Photovoltaic Performance of PCPDT-Based Solar Cells	p. 209
From Single-Junction to Multijunction Solar Cells	p. 215
Summary	p. 219
References	p. 220
Index	p. 223
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Springer Optical Sciences

Recent Developments

At a Glance

Hardcover

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How to return your order

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