| Acknowledgments | p. xi |
| Conventions | p. xv |
| Symbols and Abbreviations | p. xvii |
| Prologue: Observations of Sperm Whale Societies | p. xix |
| The Sperm Whale: An Animal of Extremes | p. 1 |
| Social Complexity in the Ocean | p. 1 |
| Evolutionary History of the Sperm Whale | p. 2 |
| Morphology: What Does the Sperm Whale Look Like? | p. 3 |
| The Peculiar Anatomy of the Sperm Whale: The Spermaceti Organ | p. 8 |
| The Lives and Populations of Sperm Whales | p. 11 |
| Sperm Whales and Humans | p. 13 |
| The Sperm Whale in Print | p. 15 |
| What Is Social Structure, and How Is It Studied in Sperm Whales? | p. 25 |
| What Is Culture, and How Is It Studied in Sperm Whales? | p. 26 |
| What Do We Know and What Don't We Know about Sperm Whale Societies? | p. 27 |
| Summary | p. 28 |
| The Oceanic Habitat of the Sperm Whale | p. 30 |
| Spatio-Temporal Structure of the Ocean | p. 30 |
| Oceanographic Habitat of the Sperm Whale | p. 33 |
| The Diet of the Sperm Whale: The Walnut, the Pea, and the Half-Pound Steak | p. 43 |
| An Alternative View of the Sperm Whale Diet: The Picky Eater | p. 51 |
| The Sperm Whale and Its Competitors | p. 55 |
| The Ecological Role of the Sperm Whale | p. 60 |
| Feeding Success of the Sperm Whale | p. 61 |
| Intraspecific Competition | p. 68 |
| Natural Enemies | p. 70 |
| Attack, Defense, and Escape in the Ocean | p. 73 |
| Summary | p. 76 |
| The Sperm Whale: On the Move through an Ocean | p. 78 |
| Why Movement Is Crucial | p. 78 |
| Vertical Movements: The Sperm Whale's Dive | p. 79 |
| Costs and Benefits of Vertical Movement | p. 83 |
| Horizontal Movements of Females and Immatures | p. 84 |
| Movements of Males | p. 100 |
| Movements of Other Oceanic and Terrestrial Animals | p. 104 |
| Costs and Benefits of Horizontal Movement | p. 106 |
| How Fast Should a Sperm Whale Swim? | p. 108 |
| Summary | p. 109 |
| Sperm Whale Populations | p. 111 |
| Geographic Structure | p. 111 |
| The Sizes of Sperm Whale Populations | p. 115 |
| Methods of Assessing Sperm Whale Populations | p. 115 |
| Population Parameters | p. 122 |
| Population Dynamics | p. 125 |
| Changes in Sperm Whale Populations off the Galapagos Islands, 1985-2002 | p. 126 |
| Summary | p. 131 |
| Sperm Whale Behavior and Vocalizations | p. 133 |
| Measuring Behavior | p. 133 |
| Vocalizations | p. 134 |
| Are Sperm Whale Clicks Echolocation? | p. 137 |
| Measures of Sperm Whale Behavior | p. 146 |
| Modes of Behavior | p. 146 |
| Foraging | p. 156 |
| Socializing | p. 168 |
| Aerial Behavior (and Other Peculiar Activities) | p. 176 |
| Birthing | p. 184 |
| Behavior of the Calf | p. 186 |
| Defense against Predators | p. 188 |
| Interactions between Sperm Whales and Killer Whales | p. 189 |
| Stranding | p. 200 |
| Summary | p. 204 |
| Sperm Whale Societies | p. 206 |
| Social Scales | p. 206 |
| Concentrations | p. 208 |
| Aggregations | p. 211 |
| Groups | p. 213 |
| The Problems of Estimating Group Size | p. 216 |
| Social Units | p. 232 |
| Delineating Social Units | p. 233 |
| Genetic Structure of Groups and Units | p. 239 |
| The Functions of Groups and Units | p. 245 |
| A Week in the Life of a Sperm Whale Group | p. 247 |
| The Cluster | p. 252 |
| Care of the Calf | p. 261 |
| The Social Male? | p. 264 |
| Mating Systems | p. 271 |
| An Observation of Two Male Sperm Whales Fighting | p. 280 |
| Summary | p. 283 |
| Sperm Whale Cultures | p. 286 |
| The Quest for Sperm Whale Culture | p. 286 |
| Coda Dialects of Units and Clans | p. 288 |
| Describing and Comparing Coda Repertoires | p. 290 |
| Sperm Whale Clans of the South Pacific | p. 297 |
| Nonvocal Cultural Traits of Sperm Whales | p. 301 |
| Low Mitochondrial DNA Diversity and Culture: Cultural Hitchhiking | p. 310 |
| Summary | p. 315 |
| Social and Cultural Evolution in the Ocean | p. 316 |
| Evolution to Extremes | p. 316 |
| The Function and Evolution of a Big Nose | p. 317 |
| The Spermaceti Organ: A Buoyancy Control Device or a Battering Ram? | p. 318 |
| The Function and Evolution of a Large Brain | p. 321 |
| Sperm Whales and Other Deep Divers | p. 325 |
| The Colossal Convergence: Sperm Whales and Elephants | p. 332 |
| K-Selection, Sociality, and Ecological Success | p. 335 |
| Social Evolution of Female Sperm Whales: Facing the Predators | p. 339 |
| The Lives of Males | p. 342 |
| Sexual Segregation | p. 346 |
| Social Evolution in the Open Ocean | p. 348 |
| Cultural Evolution in the Ocean | p. 354 |
| Summary | p. 357 |
| Sperm Whales and the Future | p. 360 |
| Ghosts of Past Whaling | p. 360 |
| The New Threats to Sperm Whales | p. 362 |
| Studying Sperm Whales in the Future | p. 368 |
| The Nature and Future of the Sperm Whale | p. 370 |
| Summary | p. 372 |
| How We Study the Sperm Whale | p. 375 |
| Examining Carcasses | p. 375 |
| Studying Living Animals | p. 376 |
| Photoidentification and Photographic Measurement: The Key to Individuals | p. 380 |
| Quantifying Sounds | p. 384 |
| Unraveling Genes | p. 385 |
| References | p. 387 |
| Index | p. 417 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |