Space Physics

An Introduction to Plasmas and Particles in the Heliosphere and Magnetospheres

By: May-Britt Kallenrode

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Hardcover | 5 March 2004 | Edition Number 3

At a Glance

Hardcover
500 Pages

Edition Type
Revised

Dimensions(cm)
23.5 x 15.88 x 3.18

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Observations and physical concepts are interwoven to give basic explanations of phenomena and also show the limitations in these explanations and identify some fundamental questions.

Compared to conventional plasma physics textbooks this book focuses on the concepts relevant in the large-scale space plasmas. It combines basic concepts with current research and new observations in interplanetary space and in the magnetospheres.

Graduate students and young researchers starting to work in this special field of science, will find the numerous references to review articles as well as important original papers helpful to orientate themselves in the literature.

Emphasis is on energetic particles and their interaction with the plasma as examples for non-thermal phenomena, shocks and their role in particle acceleration as examples for non-linear phenomena.

This second edition has been updated and extended. Improvements include: the use of SI units; addition of recent results from SOHO and Ulysses; improved treatment of the magnetosphere as a dynamic phenomenon; text restructured to provide a closer coupling between basic physical concepts and observed complex phenomena.

Industry Reviews

From the reviews of the third edition:

"It's delighting to read such a book! Not only clear and precise, it covers a huge amount of information on a vast and difficult domain. ... An appendix with symbols, useful relations, numbers and 52 Internet resources is followed by a list of 573 references. ... I warmly recommend this book for students, young researchers or specialists as like the author said, focus is on concepts rather than on detailed mathematical analysis. Everyone could take benefits of the reading." (Jean-Claude Jodogne, Physicalia, Vol. 57 (3), 2005)

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Paperback

Published: 4th December 2010

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Introduction	p. 1
Neutral Gases and Plasmas	p. 1
Plasmas in Space	p. 2
A Brief History of Space Research	p. 5
Exercises and Problems	p. 8
Charged Particles in Electromagnetic Fields	p. 9
Electromagnetic Fields	p. 9
Maxwell's Equations in Vacuum	p. 10
Transformation of Field Equations	p. 11
Generalized Ohm's Law	p. 12
Energy Equation of the Electromagnetic Field	p. 12
Particle Motion in Electromagnetic Fields	p. 14
Lorentz Force and Gyration	p. 14
Drifts of Particles in Electromagnetic Fields	p. 17
The Concept of the Guiding Center	p. 17
Crossed Magnetic and Electric Fields: Ex B Drift	p. 18
Magnetic and Gravitational Fields	p. 19
Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields	p. 20
Curvature Drift	p. 20
Drifts Combined with Changes in Particle Energy	p. 21
Drift Currents in Plasmas	p. 22
Adiabatic Invariants	p. 22
First Adiabatic Invariant: The Magnetic Moment	p. 23
Magnetic Mirrors and Bottles	p. 25
Second Adiabatic Invariant: Longitudinal Invariant	p. 27
Third Adiabatic Invariant: Flux Invariant	p. 29
Summary	p. 29
Exercises and Problems	p. 29
Magnetohydrodynamics	p. 31
From Hydrodynamics to Magnetohydrodynamics	p. 32
Partial and Convective Derivatives	p. 32
Equation of Motion or Momentum Balance	p. 33
Equation of Continuity	p. 38
Equation of State	p. 39
Basic Equations of MHD	p. 40
Two-Fluid Description	p. 41
Magnetohydrostatics	p. 42
Magnetic Pressure	p. 43
Magnetic Tension	p. 44
Magnetohydrokinematics	p. 47
Frozen-in Magnetic Fields	p. 47
Deformation and Dissipation of Fields	p. 49
Reconnection	p. 54
The Magnetohydrodynamic Dynamo	p. 56
Debye Shielding	p. 59
Summary	p. 62
Exercises and Problems	p. 63
Plasma Waves	p. 65
What is a Wave?	p. 66
Magnetohydrodynamic Waves	p. 67
Linearization of the Equations: Perturbation Theory.	p. 67
Alfven Waves	p. 69
Magneto-Sonic Waves	p. 70
Electrostatic Waves in Non-Magnetic Plasmas	p. 73
Plasma Oscillations	p. 73
Electron Plasma Waves (Langmuir Waves)	p. 75
Ion-Acoustic Waves (Ion Waves)	p. 76
Electrostatic Waves in Magnetized Plasmas	p. 77
Electron Oscillations Perpendicular to B (Upper Hybrid Frequency)	p. 77
Electrostatic Ion Waves Perpendicular to B (Ion Cyclotron Waves)	p. 78
pLower Hybrid Frequency	p. 78
Electromagnetic Waves in Non-Magnetized Plasmas	p. 79
Electromagnetic Waves in Magnetized Plasmas	p. 81
Electromagnetic Waves Perpendicular to BQ	p. 81
Waves Parallel to the Magnetic Field: Whistler (R-Waves) and L-Waves	p. 83
Summary	p. 85
Exercises and Problems	p. 85
Kinetic Theory	p. 87
The Distribution Function	p. 87
Phase Space and Distribution Function	p. 87
Maxwell's Velocity Distribution	p. 88
Other Distributions	p. 89
Distribution Function and Measured Quantities	p. 92
Equations of Kinetic Theory	p. 92
The Boltzmann Equation	p. 92
The Vlasov Equation	p. 93
The Fokker-Planck Equation	p. 95
Collisions	p. 97
Collisions Between Neutrals	p. 97
Collisions Between Charged Particles	p. 99
Summary	p. 101
Exercises and Problems	p. 101
Sun and Solar Wind: Plasmas in the Heliosphere	p. 103
The Sun	p. 103
Nuclear Fusion	p. 105
Structure of the Sun	p. 106
The Solar Atmosphere	p. 107
The Coronal Magnetic Field	p. 108
The Solar Wind	p. 109
Properties	p. 110
Solar Wind Models	p. Ill
Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Acceleration	p. 115
The Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)	p. 116
Spiral Structure	p. 116
Sector Structure	p. 118
The Ballerina Model	p. 118
Corotating Interaction Regions	p. 120
Plasma Waves in Interplanetary Space	p. 121
Power-Density Spectrum	p. 122
Waves or Turbulence?	p. 123
The Three-Dimensional Heliosphere	p. 125
The Active Sun	p. 127
The Solar Cycle	p. 127
A Simple Model of the Solar Cycle	p. 128
The Heliosphere During the Solar Cycle	p. 130
Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections	p. 131
Electromagnetic Radiation	p. 131
Classes of Flares	p. 135
Coronal Mass Ejections	p. 136
Coronal Mass Ejections, Flares, and Coronal Shocks	p. 138
Models of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)	p. 139
Models of Flares	p. 141
Magnetic Clouds: CMEs in Interplanetary Space	p. 143
Interplanetary Shocks	p. 144
Shock	p. Waves
Information, Dissipation, and Non-Linearity	p. 147
The Shock's Rest Frame	p. 148
Collisionless Shock Waves	p. 149
Shock Conservation Laws	p. 150
Jump Conditions and Discontinuities	p. 152
Shock Geometry	p. 153
Fast and Slow Shocks	p. 154
The Coplanarity Theorem	p. 156
The Shock Normal Direction	p. 156
Summary	p. 157
Exercises and Problems	p. 157
Energetic Particles in the Heliosphere	p. 159
Particle Populations in the Heliosphere	p. 159
Solar Energetic Particles and Classes of Flares	p. 162
Interplanetary Transport - Theoretical Background	p. 166
Spatial Diffusion	p. 166
Pitch Angle Diffusion	p. 173
Diffusion in Momentum Space	p. 175
Wave-Particle Interactions	p. 175
Electromagnetic Waves	p. 178
Transport Equations	p. 179
Interplanetary Propagation - Observations	p. 182
Fits with a Transport Equation	p. 182
Analysis of Magnetic Field Fluctuations	p. 183
Comparison Between Both Approaches	p. 184
Particle Acceleration at Shocks - Theory	p. 186
Shock Drift Acceleration (SDA)	p. 186
Diffusive Shock Acceleration	p. 189
Diffusive Shock Acceleration and Self-Generated Turbulence	p. 192
Stochastic Acceleration	p. 194
The Shock as a Non-Linear System	p. 195
Summary Shock Acceleration	p. 196
Particles at Shocks in Interplanetary Space	p. 197
Low-Energy Particles (Tens of keV) at Traveling Shocks	p. 198
High-Energetic Particles (MeVs) at Traveling Shocks	p. 201
Particles at Planetary Bow Shocks	p. 203
Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs)	p. 205
Variations	p. 205
Modulation Models	p. 211
Summary	p. 215
Exercises and Problems	p. 215
The Terrestrial Magnetosphere	p. 217
The Geomagnetic Field	p. 218
Description of the Geomagnetic Field	p. 218
Variability of the Internal Field	p. 221
The Terrestrial Dynamo	p. 224
Topology of the Magnetosphere	p. 226
Overview	p. 226
The Magnetopause	p. 227
Polar Cusps	p. 230
The Tail and the Polar Caps	p. 230
Magnetosheath and Bow Shock	p. 232
Plasmas and Currents in the Magnetosphere	p. 234
The Atmosphere	p. 234
The Ionosphere	p. 236
Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling	p. 240
The Plasmasphere	p. 243
The Geosphere	p. 245
The Outer Magnetosphere	p. 246
The Open Magnetosphere	p. 246
Convection of Plasma Into the Magnetosphere	p. 247
Flux Transfer Events	p. 250
Release of Accumulated Matter: Substorms	p. 251
Geomagnetic Disturbances	p. 253
Daily Variations	p. 253
Geomagnetic Indices	p. 253
Geomagnetic Pulsations	p. 254
Geomagnetic Storms	p. 255
Geomagnetic Activity on Longer Time Scales	p. 256
Aurorae	p. 259
Historical Excursion	p. 260
Beginning of the Scientific Analysis	p. 262
Modern Interpretation	p. 265
Electron Acceleration	p. 265
Excitation of the Atmosphere	p. 267
Shape and Local Time	p. 268
Energetic Particles in the Magnetosphere	p. 269
The Radiation Belts	p. 269
Galactic Cosmic Rays - St0rmer Orbits	p. 279
Solar Energetic Particles - Polar Cap Absorption	p. 281
Magnetospheric Modeling	p. 282
Summary	p. 283
Exercises and Problems	p. 284
Planetary Magnetospheres	p. 285
The Planets	p. 285
Planets with a Magnetic Field	p. 286
Mercury	p. 287
Jupiter	p. 288
Saturn	p. 290
Uranus	p. 291
Neptune	p. 293
Planets Without a Magnetic Field	p. 294
Comparison of Planetary Magnetospheres	p. 295
Structures of Planetary Magnetospheres	p. 295
Sizes	p. 296
Plasma Sources	p. 297
Upstream of the Bow Shock: The Foreshocks	p. 298
	p. 299
Summary	p. 301
Exercises and Problems	p. 302
Solar-Terrestrial Relationships	p. 303
Solar-Terrestrial Relationships: Overview	p. 303
Responses of the Upper Atmosphere to Solar Variability	p. 305
Polar Cap Absorptions and Ozone	p. 307
Thermospheric Circulation	p. 309
The Solar Cycle, Sector Boundaries, Droughts, and Thunderstorms	p. 311
Solar Activity, Climate, and Culture	p. 312
Sun and Weather	p. 314
Cosmic Rays, Clouds, and Solar Cycle Length	p. 318
The Technical Environment and Solar Activity	p. 318
Instrumentation	p. 321
Field Instruments	p. 321
The Magnetic Field	p. 322
Electric Field Measurements	p. 324
Wave Measurements	p. 325
Plasma Instruments	p. 326
Instruments for Dense Plasmas	p. 326
Instruments for Rarefied Plasmas	p. 328
Energetic Particle Instruments	p. 329
Supplementary Ground-Based Observations	p. 331
Appendix	p. 333
List of Symbols	p. 333
Useful Equations in the SI and cgs System	p. 335
Useful Relations	p. 337
Vector Calculus	p. 337
Cylindrical Coordinates	p. 338
Spherical Coordinates	p. 338
Useful Numbers	p. 339
Fundamental Constants	p. 339
Numbers in Plasmas	p. 339
References	p. 341
Index	p. 357
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Space Physics

An Introduction to Plasmas and Particles in the Heliosphere and Magnetospheres

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

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How to return your order

Defective items

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