Artech House Acoustics Library

By: Richard O. Nielsen

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Hardcover | 1 May 1991

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Hardcover
384 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
23.5 x 15.88 x 1.91

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This discussion of sonar signal processing bridges a number of related fields, including acoustic propagation in the medium, detection and estimation theory, filter theory, digital filtering, sensor array processing, spectral analysis, fast transforms and digital signal processing. The book begins with a discussion of the topics of analogue signalling conditioning, digital filtering, and the calculation of the discrete Fourier transform. Other topics discussed include analogue filters and analogue-to-digital conversion, finite impulse and infinite impulse response digital filters, and multirate processing techniques. The book is aimed at sonar, seismic processing, acoustic and radar engineers as well as graduate students.

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Preface
Overview of Digital Signal Processing	p. 1
Analog Signal Conditioning	p. 1
Analog Filtering	p. 2
Analog-to-Digital Conversion	p. 7
Digital Filtering	p. 13
Finite Impulse Response Filters	p. 14
Infinite Impulse Response Filters	p. 19
Multirate Signal Processing	p. 22
Discrete Fourier Transform	p. 29
Window Functions	p. 31
Fast Fourier Transform Implementations	p. 39
Real-Data Transforms	p. 44
Appendices	p. 47
Approach 1	p. 47
Approach 2	p. 48
References	p. 49
Conventional Beamforming	p. 51
Sensor Array Characteristics	p. 51
Beamforming as Spatial Filtering	p. 52
Beamforming with a Three-Dimensional Array	p. 54
Results for One-Dimensional Arrays	p. 54
Array Gain	p. 59
DFT of a Delayed Sequence	p. 60
General Array Gain Expression for Three-Dimensional Arrays and Arbitrary Noise Fields	p. 63
Array Gain for a Linear Array in Isotropic Noise	p. 64
Array Weighting	p. 65
Time-Domain Beamforming	p. 69
Interpolation Beamformers	p. 72
Tolerance Analysis	p. 77
Frequency-Domain Beamforming	p. 84
Quadrature Beamforming	p. 91
References	p. 94
Optimum Detection and Estimation in Passive Sonar	p. 95
Signal and Noise Environments	p. 95
Signal Models	p. 95
Noise Models	p. 97
Optimum Detection	p. 100
Hypothesis Testing	p. 100
Broadband Detector for a Linear Array of Sensors	p. 106
Narrowband Detector	p. 114
Modulation Detector	p. 123
Parameter Estimation	p. 128
Cramer-Rao Lower Bound	p. 128
Broadband Signal Parameter Estimation	p. 130
Narrowband Signal Parameter Estimation	p. 134
Delay Estimation	p. 137
Conclusion	p. 140
References	p. 140
Practical Implementations of Optimum Sonar Detectors and Estimators	p. 143
Adapting Optimized Receivers to Real-World Conditions	p. 143
Background Noise Estimation and Removal	p. 144
Noise-Mean Estimation	p. 145
Noise Removal	p. 147
Broadband Processing	p. 150
Effect of F (k) on Broadband Performance	p. 150
Broadband Processor Implementation	p. 155
Narrowband Processing	p. 158
Narrowband Processor Implementation	p. 158
Narrowband Processor Performance	p. 163
Modulation Processing	p. 173
Correlation Processing	p. 175
Appendix	p. 181
References	p. 185
Active Sonar	p. 187
Channel Modeling	p. 187
Signal Considerations	p. 190
Signal Ambiguity Function	p. 191
Continuous Wave Pulse	p. 194
Linear FM Pulse	p. 199
Echo Excess Equation	p. 205
Center Frequency Selection	p. 206
Range-Doppler-Shift Processing	p. 211
Background Noise-Limited Environment	p. 211
Reverberation Noise-Limited Environment	p. 214
FFT-Based Implementations	p. 219
Block Diagram of an Active Sonar Processor	p. 224
Appendix	p. 225
References	p. 228
Conventional Passive Sonar System	p. 231
Sonar System Specification	p. 231
Broadband Processing	p. 233
Narrowband Processing	p. 235
Modulation Processing	p. 239
Total Computational Rate and Input-Output Rate	p. 240
Computational Rate	p. 241
Input-Output Rate	p. 242
Sonar Signal Processing Architecture	p. 244
Overall Sonar Processing System	p. 246
Signal Processing Unit	p. 246
Signal Processor	p. 247
Composite Passive Sonar Display	p. 255
Chapter Summary	p. 256
References	p. 257
Matrix Processing for Sonar	p. 259
Computation-Intensive Sonar Signal Processing	p. 259
High-Resolution Beamforming	p. 259
Adaptive-Combiner Beamformer	p. 270
High-Resolution Spectral Estimation	p. 273
Required Matrix Operations	p. 278
Modern Matrix Techniques	p. 278
Numerical Stability	p. 280
QR Decomposition	p. 282
Singular Value Decomposition	p. 288
LU Decomposition	p. 289
Computational Requirements	p. 291
Adding a New Set of Measurements	p. 292
High-Resolution Beamformer	p. 295
Appendices	p. 297
Maximum-Likelihood Beamformer Calculations	p. 297
QR Decomposition via Givens Rotations	p. 299
QR Decomposition via Modified Gram-Schmidt	p. 303
QR Decomposition via Householder Transformations	p. 305
Singular Value Decomposition	p. 307
An Example of LU-Decomposition	p. 310
Cholesky Factorization	p. 312
References	p. 313
Mapping Matrix Algorithms onto Processor Arrays	p. 315
Processor Arrays for Matrix Algorithms	p. 315
Application-Specific Processor Arrays	p. 316
The Multimesh Graph Method	p. 319
Stages in a Mapping Technique	p. 319
Outline of the Multimesh Graph Method	p. 320
Class of Admissible Algorithms	p. 322
The Regularization Stage	p. 324
The Mapping Stage	p. 327
The Performance Evaluation Measures	p. 329
Mapping the Regularized Algorithm	p. 329
Example: Mapping the LU Decomposition Algorithm	p. 335
The Target Architecture	p. 336
The LU Decomposition Algorithm	p. 336
Mapping onto a Linear Array	p. 338
Mapping onto a Two-Dimensional Array	p. 341
References	p. 344
Recent Developments	p. 347
Wigner-Ville Distribution	p. 347
Focused Beamformer	p. 351
Bispectrum	p. 354
Conclusion	p. 356
References	p. 356
Glossary	p. 359
Index	p. 363
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Artech House Acoustics Library

At a Glance

Hardcover

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Defective items

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