Solid-State Laser Engineering

By: Walter Koechner

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Hardcover | 1 April 2006 | Edition Number 6

At a Glance

Hardcover
776 Pages

Edition Type
Revised

Dimensions(cm)
16.6 x 24.3 x 5.0

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This book, written from an industrial vantage point, describes the characteristics, design, and operation of solid-state lasers. As the title implies, the emphasis is placed on the technical aspects of these systems rather than on theoretical concepts. Lengthy mathematicalderivationshavebeenavoidedbecausethetheoryisnottreatedasanend initself,butratherservestoexplaintheexperimentalresultsobservedinthelaboratory. However, there is suf?cient theoretical background provided in each chapter to make the book self-contained. Solid-State Laser Engineering is mainly intended for the practicing scientist or engineer who is interested in the design or use of solid-state lasers. The response from readers has shown that the comprehensive treatment of the subject makes the work useful also to students of laser physics who want to supplement their theoretical knowledgewiththeengineeringaspectsoflasers.Althoughnotwrittenintheformofa collegetext,thebookmightbeusedinanadvancedcollegecourseonlasertechnology. After a historical overview, the book starts with a review of the basic concepts of laser physics (Chap. 1). Analytical expressions of the threshold condition, gain, and output of laser oscillators are derived in Chap. 3. An oscillator followed by one or more ampli?ers is a common architecture in pulsed solid-state laser systems to boost output energy. Energy storage and gain of ampli?ers is discussed in Chap. 4. Four chapters deal with the basic subsystems of solid-state lasers. These are the active medium, the optical resonator, the pumping system, and the thermal mana- ment. Properties of solid-state laser hosts and active ions are reviewed in Chap. 2.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Other Technologies & Applied Sciences Applied Optics Laser Technology & Holography Energy Technology & Engineering Electrical Engineering Science Physics Optical Physics Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering

Microwave Technology Communications Engineering & Telecommunications

Preface	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
Energy Transfer Between Radiation and Atomic Transitions	p. 11
Optical Amplification	p. 11
Interaction of Radiation with Matter	p. 12
Blackbody Radiation	p. 12
Boltzmann's Statistics	p. 13
Einstein's Coefficients	p. 14
Phase Coherence of Stimulated Emission	p. 17
Absorption and Optical Gain	p. 18
Atomic Lineshapes	p. 18
Absorption by Stimulated Transitions	p. 22
Population Inversion	p. 25
Creation of a Population Inversion	p. 27
The Three-Level System	p. 27
The Four-Level System	p. 29
The Metastable Level	p. 30
Laser Rate Equations	p. 32
The Three-Level System	p. 33
The Four-Level System	p. 35
Comparison of Three- and Four-Level Lasers	p. 36
Properties of Solid-State Laser Materials	p. 38
Overview	p. 40
Host Materials	p. 40
Active Ions	p. 45
Ruby	p. 51
Nd:Lasers	p. 54
Nd:YAG	p. 54
Nd:Glass	p. 61
Nd:Cr:GSGG	p. 64
Nd:YLF	p. 66
Nd:YVO[subscript 4]	p. 69
Er:Lasers	p. 73
Er:YAG	p. 73
Er:Glass	p. 75
Tunable Lasers	p. 79
Alexandrite Laser	p. 84
Ti:Sapphire	p. 88
Cr:LiSAF	p. 91
Tm:YAG	p. 94
Yb:YAG	p. 97
Laser Oscillator	p. 102
Operation at Threshold	p. 103
Gain Saturation	p. 108
Circulating Power	p. 109
Oscillator Performance Model	p. 111
Conversion of Input to Output Energy	p. 112
Laser Output	p. 118
Relaxation Oscillations	p. 128
Theory	p. 128
Spike Suppression	p. 132
Gain Switching	p. 133
Examples of Laser Oscillators	p. 134
Lamp-Pumped cw Nd:YAG Laser	p. 134
Diode Side-Pumped Nd:YAG Laser	p. 139
End-Pumped Systems	p. 148
Ring Laser	p. 152
Laser Amplifier	p. 156
Single- and Multiple-Pass Pulse Amplifiers	p. 157
Pulse Amplification	p. 158
Nd:YAG Amplifiers	p. 163
Nd:Glass Amplifiers	p. 171
Multipass Amplifier Configurations	p. 177
Regenerative Amplifiers	p. 180
cw Amplifiers	p. 188
Signal Distortions	p. 190
Spatial Distortions	p. 190
Temporal Distortions	p. 193
Depopulation Losses	p. 194
Amplified Spontaneous Emission	p. 195
Prelasing and Parasitic Modes	p. 198
Reduction of Depopulation Losses	p. 199
Self-Focusing	p. 200
Whole-Beam Self-Focusing	p. 201
Examples of Self-focusing in Nd:YAG Lasers	p. 203
Small-Scale Self-Focusing	p. 206
Suppression of Self-Focusing	p. 207
Optical Resonator	p. 210
Transverse Modes	p. 210
Intensity Distribution	p. 211
Characteristics of a Gaussian Beam	p. 215
Resonator Configurations	p. 217
Stability of Laser Resonators	p. 221
Diffraction Losses	p. 223
Higher-Order Modes	p. 224
Mode Selection	p. 227
Active Resonator	p. 231
Examples of Resonator Designs	p. 238
Resonator Modeling and Software Packages	p. 254
Longitudinal Modes	p. 255
The Fabry-Perot Interferometer	p. 255
Laser Resonator with Gain Medium	p. 259
Longitudinal Mode Control	p. 263
Injection Seeding	p. 268
Intensity and Frequency Control	p. 271
Amplitude Fluctuations	p. 271
Frequency Tuning	p. 274
Frequency Locking	p. 276
Hardware Design	p. 278
Unstable Resonators	p. 282
Confocal Positive-Branch Unstable Resonator	p. 284
Negative-Branch Unstable Resonator	p. 287
Variable Reflectivity Output Couplers	p. 289
Gain, Mode Size, and Alignment Sensitivity	p. 295
Wavelength Selection	p. 297
Optical Pump Systems	p. 300
Pump Sources	p. 300
Flashlamps	p. 303
Continuous Arc Lamps	p. 334
Laser Diodes	p. 340
Pump Radiation Transfer Methods	p. 366
Side-Pumping with Lamps	p. 368
Side-Pumping with Diodes	p. 393
End-Pumped Lasers	p. 407
Face-Pumped Disks	p. 418
Thermo-Optic Effects	p. 423
Cylindrical Geometry	p. 426
Temperature Distribution	p. 426
Thermal Stresses	p. 437
Photoelastic Effects	p. 440
Thermal Lensing	p. 442
Stress Birefringence	p. 445
Compensation of Optical Distortions	p. 449
Slab and Disk Geometries	p. 457
Rectangular-Slab Laser	p. 458
Slab Laser with Zigzag Optical Path	p. 461
Disk Amplifiers and Lasers	p. 469
End-Pumped Configurations	p. 473
Thermal Gradients and Stress	p. 473
Thermal Lensing	p. 477
Thermal Fracture Limit	p. 479
Thermal Management	p. 481
Liquid Cooling	p. 481
Conduction Cooling	p. 485
Air/Gas Cooling	p. 486
Q-Switching	p. 488
Q-Switch Theory	p. 488
Fast Q-Switch	p. 490
Slow Q-Switching	p. 493
Continuously Pumped, Repetitively Q-Switched Systems	p. 494
Mechanical Q-Switches	p. 498
Electro-Optical Q-Switches	p. 499
KDP and KD*P Pockels Cells	p. 502
LiNbO[subscript 3] Pockels Cells	p. 506
Prelasing and Postlasing	p. 508
Depolarization Losses	p. 511
Drivers for Electro-Optic Q-Switches	p. 514
Acousto-Optic Q-Switches	p. 514
Bragg Reflection	p. 516
Device Characteristics	p. 519
Passive Q-Switches	p. 522
Cavity Dumping	p. 529
Mode Locking	p. 534
Pulse Formation	p. 535
Passive Mode Locking	p. 542
Liquid Dye Saturable Absorber	p. 543
Coupled-Cavity Mode Locking	p. 546
Kerr Lens Mode Locking	p. 548
Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM)	p. 556
Active Mode Locking	p. 560
cw Mode Locking	p. 561
Transient Active Mode Locking	p. 564
Picosecond Lasers	p. 568
AM Mode Locking	p. 569
FM Mode Locking	p. 572
Femtosecond Lasers	p. 575
Laser Materials	p. 575
Dispersion Compensation	p. 576
Examples of Kerr Lens or SESAM Mode-Locked Femtosecond Lasers	p. 579
Chirped Pulse Amplifiers	p. 584
Nonlinear Devices	p. 587
Nonlinear Optical Effects	p. 587
Second-Order Nonlinearities	p. 589
Third-Order Nonlinearities	p. 590
Harmonic Generation	p. 592
Basic Theory of Second Harmonic Generation	p. 594
Phase Matching	p. 602
Properties of Nonlinear Crystals	p. 611
Intracavity Frequency Doubling	p. 618
Third Harmonic Generation	p. 625
Examples of Harmonic Generation	p. 629
Optical Parametric Oscillators	p. 634
Performance Modeling	p. 637
Crystals	p. 649
Quasi Phase Matching	p. 652
Design and Performance	p. 655
Raman Laser	p. 662
Theory	p. 663
Device Implementation	p. 666
Optical Phase Conjugation	p. 669
Basic Considerations	p. 669
Material Properties	p. 671
Focusing Geometry	p. 673
Pump-Beam Properties	p. 673
System Design	p. 676
Damage of Optical Elements	p. 680
Surface Damage	p. 681
Inclusion Damage	p. 684
Damage Threshold of Optical Materials	p. 684
Scaling Laws	p. 685
Laser Host Materials	p. 688
Optical Glass	p. 689
Nonlinear Crystals	p. 690
Dielectric Thin Films	p. 694
System Design Considerations	p. 698
Choice of Materials	p. 698
Design of System	p. 699
System Operation	p. 700
Laser Safety	p. 702
Conversion Factors and Constants	p. 708
Definition of Symbols	p. 711
References	p. 716
Subject Index	p. 742
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Solid-State Laser Engineering

At a Glance

Hardcover

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