Software Engineering 1 : Abstraction and Modelling

Abstraction and Modelling

By: Dines BjÃ¸rner

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Hardcover | 1 March 2005

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756 Pages

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23.5 x 15.88 x 3.18

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The art, craft, discipline, logic, practice, and science of developing large-scale software products needs a believable, professional base. The textbooks in this three-volume set combine informal, engineeringly sound practice with the rigour of formal, mathematics-based approaches.

Volume 1 covers the basic principles and techniques of formal methods abstraction and modelling. First this book provides a sound, but simple basis of insight into discrete mathematics: numbers, sets, Cartesians, types, functions, the Lambda Calculus, algebras, and mathematical logic. Then it trains its readers in basic property- and model-oriented specification principles and techniques. The model-oriented concepts that are common to such specification languages as B, VDM-SL, and Z are explained here using the RAISE specification language (RSL). This book then covers the basic principles of applicative (functional), imperative, and concurrent (parallel) specification programming. Finally, the volume contains a comprehensive glossary of software engineering, and extensive indexes and references.

These volumes are suitable for self-study by practicing software engineers and for use in university undergraduate and graduate courses on software engineering. Lecturers will be supported with a comprehensive guide to designing modules based on the textbooks, with solutions to many of the exercises presented, and with a complete set of lecture slides.

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"The book under review is the first one from a series of three volumes that provides a compelling framework for a more comprehensive understanding of both formal and practical concerns of software engineering. The major feature distinguishing these textbooks from other current ones ... is the natural manner in which the formal techniques smoothly glide from software design towards the requirements prescription phase and beyond to domain description. ... By its consistency and rigor, the book is, undoubtedly, remarkably useful to professional software developers." (Tudor Balanescu, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1095 (21), 2006)

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Non-Fiction Computing & I.T.Computer Science Systems Analysis & Design Computer Programming & Software Development Software Engineering Programming & Scripting Languages Computer Architecture & Logic Design

Preface	p. VII
Reasons for Writing These Volumes	p. IX
Shortcomings of These Volumes	p. X
Methods of Approach	p. XII
A New Look at Software	p. XII
Formal Techniques "Light"	p. XIII
The "Super Programmer"	p. XIV
What Is Software Engineering?	p. XV
The Author's Aspirations	p. XVI
Role of These Volumes in an SE Education Programme	p. XVI
Why So Much Material?	p. XX
How to Use These Volumes in a Course	p. XX
Brief Guide to the Book	p. XXI
Guide to This Volume	p. XXI
Acknowledgments	p. XXIII
Opening
Introduction	p. 3
Setting the Stage	p. 3
A Software Engineering Triptych	p. 7
Documentation	p. 13
Formal Techniques and Formal Tools	p. 25
Method and Methodology	p. 31
The Very Bases of Software	p. 33
Aims and Objectives	p. 40
Bibliographical Notes	p. 41
Exercises	p. 41
Discrete Mathematics
Numbers	p. 45
Introduction	p. 45
Numerals and Numbers	p. 46
Subsets of Numbers	p. 46
Type Definitions: Numbers	p. 51
Summary	p. 52
Bibliographical Notes	p. 53
Exercises	p. 53
Sets	p. 55
Background	p. 56
Mathematical Sets	p. 56
Special Sets	p. 58
Sorts and Type Definitions: Sets	p. 58
Sets in RSL	p. 59
Bibliographical Notes	p. 60
Exercises	p. 60
Cartesians	p. 63
The Issues	p. 63
Cartesian-Valued Expressions	p. 64
Cartesian Types	p. 64
Cartesian Arity	p. 65
Cartesian Equality	p. 66
Some Construed Examples	p. 66
Sorts and Type Definitions: Cartesians	p. 68
Cartesians in RSL	p. 69
Bibliographical Notes	p. 69
Exercises	p. 69
Types	p. 71
Values and Types	p. 72
Phenomena and Concept Types	p. 73
Programming Language Type Concepts	p. 77
Sorts or Abstract Types	p. 80
Built-in and Concrete Types	p. 81
Type Checking	p. 82
Types as Sets, Types as Lattices	p. 84
Summary	p. 84
Exercises	p. 84
Functions	p. 87
General Overview	p. 89
The Issues	p. 90
How Do Functions Come About?	p. 94
An Aside: On the Concept of Evaluation	p. 96
Function Algebras	p. 98
Currying and [lambda]-Notation	p. 103
Relations and Functions	p. 104
Type Definitions	p. 106
Conclusion	p. 106
Bibliographical Notes	p. 107
Exercises	p. 107
A [lambda]-Calculus	p. 109
Informal Introduction	p. 110
A "Pure" [lambda]-Calculus Syntax	p. 110
A [lambda]-Calculus Pragmatics	p. 112
A "Pure" [lambda]-Calculus Semantics	p. 112
Call-by-Name Versus Call-by-Value	p. 116
The Church-Rosser Theorems - Informal Version	p. 117
The RSL [lambda]-Notation	p. 117
Fix Points	p. 119
Discussion	p. 122
Bibliographical Notes	p. 123
Exercises	p. 123
Algebras	p. 127
Introduction	p. 127
Formal Definition of the Algebra Concept	p. 128
How Do Algebras Come About?	p. 129
Kinds of Algebras	p. 130
Specification Algebras	p. 133
RSL Syntax for Algebra Specifications	p. 137
Discussion	p. 138
Bibliographical Notes	p. 139
Exercises	p. 139
Mathematical Logic	p. 141
The Issues	p. 142
Proof Theory Versus Model Theory	p. 148
A Language of Boolean Ground Terms	p. 156
Languages of Propositional Logic	p. 165
Languages of Predicate Logic	p. 171
Axiom Systems	p. 186
Summary	p. 196
Bibliographical Notes	p. 197
Exercises	p. 197
Simple RSL
General	p. 201
RSL Versus VDM-SL, Z and B	p. 201
What, Syntactically, Constitutes a Specification?	p. 202
Towards an RSL "Standard"	p. 203
RSL Tools	p. 203
Atomic Types and Values in RSL	p. 205
Introduction	p. 205
The RSL Numbers	p. 206
Enumerated Tokens	p. 208
Characters and Texts	p. 212
Identifiers and General Tokens	p. 213
Discussion	p. 216
Exercises	p. 217
Function Definitions in RSL	p. 221
The Function Type	p. 221
Model-Oriented Explicit Definitions	p. 222
Model-Oriented Axiomatic Definitions	p. 223
Model-Oriented pre/post-Condition Definitions	p. 224
Property-Oriented Axiomatic Definitions	p. 226
Property-Oriented Algebraic Definitions	p. 227
Summary of RSL Function Definition Styles	p. 228
Discussion	p. 229
Exercises	p. 229
Property-Oriented and Model-Oriented Abstraction	p. 231
Abstraction	p. 232
Property-Oriented Abstractions	p. 235
Model Versus Property Abstractions	p. 241
Model-Oriented Abstractions	p. 250
Principles, Techniques and Tools	p. 254
Exercises	p. 260
Sets in RSL	p. 263
Sets: The Issues	p. 264
The Set Data Type	p. 265
Examples of Set-Based Abstractions	p. 273
Abstracting and Modelling With Sets	p. 276
Inductive Set Definitions	p. 284
A Comment on Varying Sets	p. 287
Principles, Techniques and Tools	p. 288
Discussion	p. 289
Bibliographical Notes	p. 289
Exercises	p. 289
Cartesians in RSL	p. 295
Cartesians: The Issues	p. 295
The Cartesian Data Type	p. 296
Examples of Cartesian Abstractions	p. 300
Abstracting and Modelling with Cartesians	p. 303
Inductive Cartesian Definitions	p. 312
Discussion	p. 315
Exercises	p. 316
Lists in RSL	p. 321
Issues Related to Lists	p. 322
The List Data Type	p. 322
Small Examples of List-Based Abstractions	p. 328
Abstracting and Modelling with Lists	p. 333
Inductive List Definitions	p. 340
A Review of List Abstractions and Models	p. 342
Lists: A Discussion	p. 343
Exercises	p. 343
Maps in RSL	p. 349
The Issues	p. 350
The Map Data Type	p. 350
Examples of Map-Based Abstractions	p. 356
Abstracting and Modelling with Maps	p. 358
Inductive Map Definitions	p. 383
A Review of Map Abstractions and Models	p. 386
Maps: A Discussion	p. 388
Exercises	p. 388
Higher-Order Functions in RSL	p. 393
Functions: The Issues	p. 393
Examples Using Function-Based Abstractions	p. 394
Abstracting and Modelling With Functions	p. 395
Inductive Function Definitions	p. 406
Review of Function Abstractions and Models	p. 407
Discussion	p. 408
Exercises	p. 408
Specification Types
Types in RSL	p. 413
The Issues	p. 413
Type Categories	p. 415
Enumerated Token Types Revisited	p. 416
Records: Constructors and Destructors	p. 417
Union Type Definitions	p. 420
Short Record Type Definitions	p. 421
Type Expressions, Revisited	p. 421
Subtypes	p. 422
Type Definitions, Revisited	p. 422
On Recursive Type Definitions	p. 423
Discussion	p. 423
Bibliographical Notes	p. 424
Exercises	p. 424
Specification Programming
On Specification Programming	p. 427
On Problems and Exercises	p. 428
Applicative Specification Programming	p. 429
Scope and Binding	p. 430
Intuition	p. 435
Operator/Operand Expressions	p. 438
Enumerated and Comprehended Expressions	p. 438
Conditional Expressions	p. 439
Bindings, Typings, Patterns and Matching	p. 440
Review and Discussion	p. 455
Bibliographical Notes	p. 455
Exercises	p. 456
Imperative Specification Programming	p. 467
Intuition	p. 468
Imperative Combinators: A [lambda]-Calculus	p. 468
Variable References: Pointers	p. 473
Function Definitions and Expressions	p. 480
Translations: Applicative to Imperative	p. 486
Styles of Configuration Modelling	p. 495
Review and Discussion	p. 505
Bibliographical Notes	p. 506
Exercises	p. 508
Concurrent Specification Programming	p. 511
Behaviour and Process Abstractions	p. 512
Intuition	p. 514
Communicating Sequential Processes, CSP	p. 532
The RSL/CSP Process Combinators	p. 537
Translation Schemas	p. 543
Parallelism and Concurrency: A Discussion	p. 547
Bibliographical Notes	p. 548
Exercises	p. 548
And So On!
Etcetera!	p. 557
What Have We Covered?	p. 557
What Is Next?	p. 557
What Is Next-Next?	p. 558
A Caveat	p. 559
Formal Methods "Lite"	p. 559
Bibliographical Notes	p. 560
Appendixes
Common Exercise Topics	p. 563
Transportation Nets	p. 563
Container Logistics	p. 564
Financial Service Industry	p. 564
Summary References to Exercises	p. 566
Glossary	p. 567
Categories of Reference Lists	p. 568
Typography and Spelling	p. 569
The Glosses	p. 570
Indexes	p. 649
Symbols Index	p. 650
Concepts Index	p. 656
Characterisations and Definitions Index	p. 680
Authors Index	p. 682
References	p. 687
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Software Engineering 1 : Abstraction and Modelling

Abstraction and Modelling

At a Glance

Hardcover

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