| Preface | p. v |
| Acknowledgments | p. vii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The SLAM Problem and Its Applications | p. 2 |
| Description of the SLAM Problem | p. 2 |
| Applications of SLAM | p. 3 |
| Summary of SLAM Approaches | p. 4 |
| EKF/EIF based SLAM Approaches | p. 5 |
| Other SLAM Approaches | p. 8 |
| Key Properties of SLAM | p. 12 |
| Observability | p. 12 |
| EKF SLAM Convergence | p. 19 |
| EKF SLAM Consistency | p. 34 |
| Motivation | p. 41 |
| Book Overview | p. 43 |
| Sparse Information Filters in SLAM | p. 47 |
| Information Matrix in the Full SLAM Formulation | p. 47 |
| Information Matrix in the Conventional EIF SLAM Formulation | p. 52 |
| Meaning of Zero Off-diagonal Elements in Information Matrix | p. 54 |
| Conditions for Achieving Exact Sparseness | p. 57 |
| Strategies for Achieving Exact Sparseness | p. 59 |
| Decoupling Localization and Mapping | p. 59 |
| Using Local Submaps | p. 60 |
| Combining Decoupling and Submaps | p. 60 |
| Important Practical Issues in EIF SLAM | p. 61 |
| Summary | p. 62 |
| Decoupling Localization and Mapping | p. 63 |
| The D-SLAM Algorithm | p. 64 |
| Extracting Map Information from Observations | p. 64 |
| Key Idea of D-SLAM | p. 69 |
| Mapping | p. 69 |
| Localization | p. 71 |
| Structure of the Information Matrix in D-SLAM | p. 77 |
| Efficient State and Covariance Recover | p. 78 |
| Recovery Using the Preconditioned Conjugated Gradient (PCG) Method | p. 80 |
| Recovery Using Complete Cholesky Factorization | p. 82 |
| Implementation Issues | p. 84 |
| Admissible Measurements | p. 84 |
| Data Association | p. 86 |
| Computer Simulations | p. 88 |
| Experimental Evaluation | p. 95 |
| Experiment in a Small Environment | p. 95 |
| Experiment Using the Victoria Park Dataset | p. 95 |
| Computational Complexity | p. 99 |
| Storage | p. 102 |
| Localization | p. 102 |
| Mapping | |
| State and Covariance Recovery | p. 103 |
| Consistency of D-SLAM | p. 107 |
| Bibliographical Remarks | p. 108 |
| Summary | p. 111 |
| D-SLAM Local Map Joining Filter | p. 113 |
| Structure of D-SLAM Local Map Joining Filter | p. 114 |
| State Vectors | p. 115 |
| Relative Information Relating Feature Locations | p. 116 |
| Combining Local Maps Using Relative Information | p. 116 |
| Obtaining Relative Location Information in Local Maps | |
| Generating a Local Map | p. 117 |
| Obtaining Relative Location Information in the Local Map | p. 118 |
| Global Map Update | p. 122 |
| Measurement Model | p. 122 |
| Updating the Global Map | p. 122 |
| Sparse Information Matrix | p. 124 |
| Implementation Issues | p. 125 |
| Robot Localization | p. 125 |
| Data Association | p. 126 |
| State and Covariance Recovery | p. 127 |
| When to Start a New Local Map | p. 128 |
| Computational Complexity | p. 128 |
| Storage | p. 128 |
| Local Map Construction | p. 129 |
| Global Map Update | p. 129 |
| Rescheduling the Computational Effort | p. 130 |
| Computer Simulations | p. 130 |
| Simulation in a Small Area | p. 130 |
| Simulation in a Large Area | p. 134 |
| Experimental Evaluation | p. 140 |
| Bibliographical Remarks | p. 147 |
| Summary | p. 149 |
| Sparse Local Submap Joining Filter | p. 151 |
| Structure of Sparse Local Submap Joining Filter | p. 152 |
| Input to SLSJF - Local Maps | p. 153 |
| Output of SLSJF - One Global Map | p. 154 |
| Fusing Local Maps into the Global Map | p. 155 |
| Adding X(K+1)sG into the Global Map | p. 155 |
| Initializing the Values of New Features and (K+1)eG in the Global Map | p. 156 |
| Updating the Global Map | p. 157 |
| Sparse Information Matrix | p. 158 |
| Implementation Issues | p. 159 |
| Data Association | p. 160 |
| State and Covariance Recovery | p. 162 |
| Computer Simulations | p. 162 |
| Experimental Evaluation | p. 169 |
| Discussion | p. l69 |
| Computational Complexity | p. 169 |
| Zero Information Loss | p. 173 |
| Tradeoffs in Achieving Exactly Sparse Representation | p. 174 |
| Summary | p. 175 |
| Proofs of EKF SLAM Convergence and Consistency | p. 177 |
| Matrix Inversion Lemma | p. 177 |
| Proofs of EKF SLAM Convergence | p. 178 |
| Proofs of EKF SLAM Consistency | p. 181 |
| Incremental Method for Cholesky Factorization of SLAM Information Matrix | p. 185 |
| Cholesky Factorization | p. 185 |
| Approximate Cholesky Factorization | p. 186 |
| Bibliography | p. 189 |
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