| Collaborative Signal Processing Algorithms | |
| Collaborative Adaptive Filters for Online Knowledge Extraction and Information Fusion | p. 3 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Previous Online Approaches | p. 5 |
| Collaborative Adaptive Filters | p. 6 |
| Derivation of The Hybrid Filter | p. 7 |
| Detection of the Nature of Signals: Nonlinearity | p. 8 |
| Tracking Changes in Nonlinearity of Signals | p. 10 |
| Detection of the Nature of Signals: Complex Domain | p. 12 |
| Split-Complex vs. Fully-Complex | p. 13 |
| Complex Nature of Wind | p. 17 |
| Conclusions | p. 19 |
| References | p. 20 |
| Wind Modelling and its Possible Application to Control of Wind Farms | p. 23 |
| Formulating Yaw Control for a Wind Turbine | p. 23 |
| Characteristics for Time Series of the Wind | p. 25 |
| Surrogate Data | p. 25 |
| Results | p. 25 |
| Modelling and Predicting the Wind | p. 27 |
| Multivariate Embedding | p. 27 |
| Radial Basis Functions | p. 28 |
| Possible Coordinate Systems | p. 30 |
| Direct vs. Iterative Methods | p. 30 |
| Measurements of the Wind | p. 30 |
| Results | p. 32 |
| Applying the Wind Prediction to the Yaw Control | p. 34 |
| Conclusions | p. 34 |
| References | p. 35 |
| Hierarchical Filters in a Collaborative Filtering Framework for System Identification and Knowledge Retrieval | p. 37 |
| Introduction | p. 37 |
| Hierarchical Structures | p. 39 |
| Generalised Structures | p. 40 |
| Equivalence with FIR | p. 41 |
| Multilayer Adaptive Algorithms | p. 43 |
| The Hierarchical Least Mean Square Algorithm | p. 43 |
| Evaluation of the Performance of HLMS | p. 44 |
| The Hierarchical Gradient Descent Algorithm | p. 45 |
| Applications | p. 46 |
| Standard Filtering Applications | p. 46 |
| Knowledge Extraction | p. 47 |
| Conclusions | p. 49 |
| Mathematical Analysis of the HLMS | p. 50 |
| References | p. 53 |
| Acoustic Parameter Extraction From Occupied Rooms Utilizing Blind Source Separation | p. 55 |
| Introduction | p. 55 |
| Blind Estimation of Room RT in Occupied Rooms | p. 57 |
| MLE-Based RT Estimation Method | p. 57 |
| Proposed Noise Reducing Preprocessing | p. 59 |
| A Demonstrative Study | p. 60 |
| Blind Source Separation | p. 62 |
| Adaptive Noise Cancellation | p. 65 |
| Simulation Results | p. 67 |
| Discussion | p. 72 |
| Conclusion | p. 73 |
| References | p. 74 |
| Signal Processing for Source Localization | |
| Sensor Network Localization Using Least Squares Kernel Regression | p. 77 |
| Introduction | p. 77 |
| Sensor Network Model | p. 80 |
| Localization Using Classification Methods | p. 81 |
| Least Squares Subspace Kernel Regression Algorithm | p. 82 |
| Least Squares Kernel Subspace Algorithm | p. 82 |
| Recursive Kernel Subspace Least Squares Algorithm | p. 84 |
| Localization Using Kernel Regression Algorithms | p. 85 |
| Centralized Kernel Regression | p. 85 |
| Kernel Regression for Mobile Sensors | p. 86 |
| Distributed Kernel Regression | p. 87 |
| Simulations | p. 89 |
| Stationary Motes | p. 90 |
| Mobile Motes | p. 91 |
| Distributed Algorithm | p. 92 |
| Summary and Further Directions | p. 93 |
| References | p. 94 |
| Adaptive Localization in Wireless Networks | p. 97 |
| Introduction | p. 97 |
| RF Propagation Modelling | p. 98 |
| Characteristics of the Indoor Propagation Channel | p. 99 |
| Parametric Channel Models | p. 99 |
| Geo Map-Based Models | p. 100 |
| Non-Parametric Models | p. 102 |
| Localization Solution | p. 103 |
| Simultaneous Localization and Learning | p. 104 |
| Kohonen SOM | p. 105 |
| Main Algorithm | p. 106 |
| Comparison Between SOM and SLL | p. 107 |
| Convergence Properties of SLL | p. 107 |
| Statistical Conditions for SLL | p. 113 |
| Results on 2D Real-World Scenarios | p. 116 |
| Conclusions | p. 118 |
| References | p. 119 |
| Signal Processing Methods for Doppler Radar Heart Rate Monitoring | p. 121 |
| Introduction | p. 121 |
| Signal Model | p. 123 |
| Physiological Signal Model | p. 125 |
| Single Person Signal Processing | p. 126 |
| Demodulation | p. 126 |
| Detection of Heartbeat and Estimation of Heart Rate | p. 127 |
| Multiple People Signal Processing | p. 132 |
| Heartbeat Signal | p. 133 |
| Algorithm | p. 133 |
| Results | p. 134 |
| Conclusion | p. 138 |
| References | p. 139 |
| Multimodal Fusion for Car Navigation Systems | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| Kalman Filter-Based Sensor Fusion for Dead Reckoning Improvement | p. 143 |
| Map Matching Improvement by Pattern Recognition | p. 146 |
| Generation of Feature Vectors by State Machines | p. 147 |
| Evaluation of Certainties of Road Alternatives Based on Feature Vector Comparison | p. 150 |
| Fuzzy Guidance | p. 154 |
| Conclusions | p. 157 |
| References | p. 157 |
| Information Fusion in Imaging | |
| Cue and Sensor Fusion for Independent Moving Objects Detection and Description in Driving Scenes | p. 161 |
| Introduction | p. 161 |
| Vision Sensor Data Processing | p. 164 |
| Vision Sensor Setup | p. 164 |
| Independent Motion Stream | p. 165 |
| Recognition Stream | p. 167 |
| Training | p. 168 |
| Visual Streams Fusion | p. 170 |
| IMO Detection and Tracking | p. 171 |
| Classification and Description of the IMOs | p. 171 |
| LIDAR Sensor Data Processing | p. 172 |
| LIDAR Sensor Setup | p. 172 |
| Ground Plane Estimation | p. 173 |
| LIDAR Obstacles Projection | p. 175 |
| Vision and LIDAR Fusion | p. 175 |
| Results | p. 176 |
| Conclusions and Future Steps | p. 177 |
| References | p. 178 |
| Distributed Vision Networks for Human Pose Analysis | p. 181 |
| Introduction | p. 181 |
| A Unifying Framework | p. 183 |
| Smart Camera Networks | p. 184 |
| Opportunistic Fusion Mechanisms | p. 185 |
| Human Posture Estimation | p. 187 |
| The 3D Human Body Model | p. 189 |
| In-Node Feature Extraction | p. 190 |
| Collaborative Posture Estimation | p. 192 |
| Towards Behavior Interpretation | p. 195 |
| Conclusions | p. 198 |
| References | p. 199 |
| Skin Color Separation and Synthesis for E-Cosmetics | p. 201 |
| Introduction | p. 201 |
| Image-Based Skin Color Analysis and Synthesis | p. 203 |
| Shading Removal by Color Vector Space Analysis: Simple Inverse Lighting Technique | p. 205 |
| Imaging Model | p. 205 |
| Finding the Skin Color Plane in the Face and Projection Technique for Shading Removal | p. 208 |
| Validation of the Analysis | p. 210 |
| Image-Based Skin Color and Texture Analysis/Synthesis | p. 211 |
| Data-Driven Physiologically Based Skin Texture Control | p. 212 |
| Conclusion and Discussion | p. 218 |
| References | p. 219 |
| ICA for Fusion of Brain Imaging Data | p. 221 |
| Introduction | p. 221 |
| An Overview of Different Approaches for Fusion | p. 223 |
| A Brief Description of Imaging Modalities and Feature Generation | p. 224 |
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging | p. 224 |
| Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging | p. 226 |
| Diffusion Tensor Imaging | p. 226 |
| Electroencephalogram | p. 227 |
| Brain Imaging Feature Generation | p. 228 |
| Feature-Based Fusion Framework Using ICA | p. 228 |
| Application of the Fusion Framework | p. 230 |
| Multitask fMRI | p. 231 |
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Structural Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging | p. 231 |
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Event-Related Potential | p. 233 |
| Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Diffusion Tensor Imaging | p. 233 |
| Parallel Independent Component Analysis | p. 235 |
| Selection of Joint Components | p. 235 |
| Conclusion | p. 237 |
| References | p. 237 |
| Knowledge Extraction in Brain Science | |
| Complex Empirical Mode Decomposition for Multichannel Information Fusion | p. 243 |
| Introduction | p. 243 |
| Data Fusion Principles | p. 244 |
| Empirical Mode Decomposition | p. 244 |
| Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition | p. 247 |
| Extending EMD to the Complex Domain | p. 249 |
| Complex Empirical Mode Decomposition | p. 251 |
| Rotation Invariant Empirical Mode Decomposition | p. 254 |
| Complex EMD as Knowledge Extraction Tool for Brain Prosthetics | p. 254 |
| Empirical Mode Decomposition as a Fixed Point Iteration | p. 257 |
| Discussion and Conclusions | p. 258 |
| References | p. 259 |
| Information Fusion for Perceptual Feedback: A Brain Activity Sonification Approach | p. 261 |
| Introduction | p. 261 |
| Principles of Brain Sonification | p. 263 |
| Empirical Mode Decomposition | p. 264 |
| EEG and EMD: A Match Made in Heaven? | p. 265 |
| Time-Frequency Analysis of EEG and MIDI Representation | p. 269 |
| Experiments | p. 271 |
| Conclusions | p. 272 |
| References | p. 273 |
| Advanced EEG Signal Processing in Brain Death Diagnosis | p. 275 |
| Introduction | p. 275 |
| Background and EEG Recordings | p. 276 |
| Diagnosis of Brain Death | p. 276 |
| EEG Preliminary Examination and Diagnosis System | p. 276 |
| EEG Recordings | p. 278 |
| EEG Signal Processing | p. 279 |
| A Model of EEG Signal Analysis | p. 280 |
| A Robust Prewhitening Method for Noise Reduction | p. 280 |
| Independent Component Analysis | p. 283 |
| Fourier Analysis and Time-Frequency Analysis | p. 285 |
| EEG Preliminary Examination with ICA | p. 285 |
| Extracted EEG Brain Activity from Comatose Patients | p. 286 |
| The Patients Without EEG Brain Activities | p. 287 |
| Quantitative EEG Analysis with Complexity Measures | p. 288 |
| The Approximate Entropy | p. 289 |
| The Normalized Singular Spectrum Entropy | p. 290 |
| The C[subscript 0] Complexity | p. 291 |
| Detrended Fluctuation Analysis | p. 292 |
| Quantitative Comparison Results | p. 292 |
| Classification | p. 295 |
| Conclusion and Future Study | p. 296 |
| References | p. 297 |
| Automatic Knowledge Extraction: Fusion of Human Expert Ratings and Biosignal Features for Fatigue Monitoring Applications | p. 299 |
| Introduction | p. 299 |
| Fatigue Monitoring | p. 301 |
| Problem | p. 301 |
| Human Expert Ratings | p. 302 |
| Experiments | p. 303 |
| Feature Extraction | p. 305 |
| Feature Fusion and Classification | p. 306 |
| Learning Vector Quantization | p. 307 |
| Automatic Relevance Determination | p. 308 |
| Support Vector Machines | p. 309 |
| Results | p. 310 |
| Feature Fusion | p. 310 |
| Feature Relevance | p. 312 |
| Intra-Subject and Inter-Subject Variability | p. 313 |
| Conclusions and Future Work | p. 314 |
| References | p. 315 |
| Index | p. 317 |
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