| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Background of Paul's Thought | p. 4 |
| The Shape of Paul's Thought | p. 7 |
| History as the Relationship Between Creator and Creation | p. 15 |
| Romans as a Letter | p. 18 |
| The Structure of Romans | p. 19 |
| The Structure of This Commentary | p. 22 |
| Outline of Romans | p. 25 |
| Commentary | |
| God's Lordship and the Problem of the Past: Grace and Wrath | p. 27 |
| Romans 1:1-4:22 | |
| Introduction and Opening Remarks | p. 28 |
| The Gospel and God's Wrath (1:14-3:20) | p. 34 |
| Universal Sin and Its Consequences | p. 34 |
| The Jews Are Included, Despite the Law | p. 49 |
| Conclusion: Universal Sin | p. 58 |
| Reflection: Righteousness in Romans | p. 61 |
| The Gospel and God's Grace (3:21-4:22) | p. 66 |
| Christ and the Answer to Universal Sin: Universal Faith | p. 67 |
| Reflection: Paul's Dialogical Mode of Argument | p. 73 |
| Abraham and Intimations of Faith | p. 76 |
| God's Lordship and the Problem of the Present: Grace and Law | p. 87 |
| Romans 4:23-8:39 | p. 87 |
| Sin and Grace: Adam and Christ (4:23-5:21) | p. 89 |
| Present Grace and Reconciliation | p. 89 |
| Adam and Christ: Disobedience and Obedience | p. 95 |
| Sin, Grace, and Law (6:1-7:25) | p. 102 |
| Sin and Grace (Baptism) | p. 103 |
| Law and Grace (Enslavement, Good and Bad) | p. 108 |
| Law and Sin (From the Perspective of Grace) | p. 118 |
| Reflection: The Law and Paul's Conversion | p. 126 |
| The Spirit and the Surety of Grace (8:1-39) | p. 130 |
| The Spirit and the Flesh | p. 131 |
| The Spirit and the Future | p. 141 |
| The Spirit and Christian Assurance | p. 148 |
| God's Lordship and the Problem of the Future: Israel and God's Gracious Plan | p. 153 |
| Romans 9:1-11:36 | p. 153 |
| God's Grace and Israel's Rejection (9:1-29) | p. 154 |
| God's Word and God's People | p. 155 |
| God's Grace and God's People | p. 159 |
| Grace, Faith, and the Purpose of Law (9:30-10:21) | p. 166 |
| Law and Faith | p. 167 |
| Proclamation and Faith | p. 172 |
| Israel and Her Future with God (11:1-36) | p. 177 |
| Israel and God's Plan | p. 178 |
| The Olive Tree: The History of Grace | p. 182 |
| God's Plan Is Grace for All | p. 187 |
| God's Lordship and the Problems of Daily Living: Grace and the Structures of Life | p. 193 |
| Romans 12:1-16:27 | |
| Grace and the Community (12:1-21) | p. 194 |
| The Structuring Power of Grace | p. 195 |
| Grace and the Christian Community | p. 196 |
| Grace and the Secular Community | p. 200 |
| Grace and the State | p. 203 |
| Grace and the Neighbor: Love in Action (13:8-14) | p. 207 |
| The Neighbor and the Actuality of Love | p. 208 |
| The Neighbor and the Dawning Day | p. 210 |
| Grace and Unity in the Faith: The Weak and the Strong (14:1-15:13) | p. 214 |
| Unity and the Problem of Self-righteousness | p. 215 |
| Unity and the Priority of Responsibilities Over Rights | p. 219 |
| Unity and the Servanthood of Christ | p. 223 |
| Grace and Paul's Apostolic Plan | p. 228 |
| Reflection: Chapter 16 and Paul's Letter to Rome | p. 233 |
| Greetings and Summation | p. 237 |
| Bibliography | p. 243 |
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