| List of Contributors | p. xvii |
| Introduction to Reverse Engineering | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| What Is Reverse Engineering? | p. 2 |
| Why Use Reverse Engineering? | p. 3 |
| Reverse Engineering-The Generic Process | p. 4 |
| Phase 1-Scanning | p. 5 |
| Contact Scanners | p. 5 |
| Noncontact Scanners | p. 6 |
| Phase 2-Point Processing | p. 7 |
| Phase 3-Application Geometric Model Development | p. 8 |
| Methodologies and Techniques for Reverse Engineering-The Potential for Automation with 3-D Laser Scanners | p. 11 |
| Computer-aided Reverse Engineering | p. 11 |
| What Is Not Reverse Engineering? | p. 12 |
| What is Computer-aided (Forward) Engineering? | p. 12 |
| What Is Computer-aided Reverse Engineering? | p. 13 |
| Computer Vision and Reverse Engineering | p. 15 |
| Coordinate Measuring Machines | p. 15 |
| Active Illumination 3-D Stereo | p. 17 |
| Benefits and Drawbacks | p. 20 |
| Structured-light Range Imaging | p. 21 |
| Source Illumination Categories | p. 22 |
| Sheet-of-light Range Imaging | p. 25 |
| Scanner Pipeline | p. 27 |
| Data Collection | p. 27 |
| Mesh Reconstruction | p. 29 |
| Surface Fitting | p. 31 |
| Conclusions | p. 32 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 32 |
| Reverse Engineering-Hardware and Software | p. 33 |
| Introduction | p. 33 |
| Reverse Engineering Hardware | p. 34 |
| Contact Methods | p. 34 |
| Noncontact Methods | p. 37 |
| Destructive Method | p. 46 |
| Reverse Engineering Software | p. 53 |
| Reverse Engineering Software Classification | p. 53 |
| Reverse Engineering Phases | p. 54 |
| Fundamental Reverse Engineering Operations | p. 60 |
| Conclusion | p. 69 |
| Selecting a Reverse Engineering System | p. 71 |
| Introduction | p. 72 |
| The Selection Process | p. 75 |
| Team Formation | p. 75 |
| Identify the Business Opportunity and Technical Requirements | p. 75 |
| Vendor and System Information Gathering | p. 76 |
| Vendor Short-listing | p. 76 |
| Visit the Short-listed Vendors | p. 77 |
| Detailed Vendor Assessment | p. 78 |
| Benchmarking | p. 79 |
| Perform a Commercial Evaluation of the Vendor Chosen | p. 79 |
| Some Additional Complexities | p. 79 |
| Point Capture Devices | p. 80 |
| Contact Devices-Hard or Manual Probe | p. 80 |
| Touch-trigger Probe | p. 81 |
| Continuous Analogue Scanning Probe | p. 82 |
| Other Facets of Probe Selection | p. 82 |
| Noncontact Devices | p. 83 |
| Triangulation Approaches | p. 83 |
| """"Time-of-flight"""" or Ranging Systems | p. 84 |
| Structured-light and Stereoscopic Imaging Systems | p. 84 |
| Issues with Light-based Approaches | p. 85 |
| Tracking Systems | p. 86 |
| Internal Measurement Systems | p. 86 |
| X-ray Tomography | p. 86 |
| Destructive Systems | p. 87 |
| Some Comments on Accuracy | p. 87 |
| Positioning the Probe | p. 89 |
| Postprocessing the Captured Data | p. 90 |
| Handling Data Points | p. 91 |
| Curve and Surface Creation | p. 93 |
| Inspection Applications | p. 95 |
| Manufacturing Approaches | p. 96 |
| Conclusion | p. 96 |
| Appendix | p. 97 |
| Data Capture Vendors | p. 97 |
| Postprocessing Vendors | p. 98 |
| Introduction to Rapid Prototyping | p. 99 |
| The Basic Process | p. 100 |
| Current Techniques and Materials | p. 102 |
| Stereolithography | p. 102 |
| Selective Laser Sintering | p. 104 |
| Fused Deposition Modeling | p. 105 |
| Three-dimensional Printing | p. 106 |
| Laminated Object Manufacturing | p. 108 |
| Multijet Modeling | p. 109 |
| Laser-engineered Net Shaping | p. 110 |
| Applications | p. 110 |
| Rapid Prototyping | p. 111 |
| Rapid Tooling | p. 112 |
| Rapid Manufacturing | p. 113 |
| Future | p. 114 |
| Relationship Between Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping | p. 119 |
| Introduction | p. 120 |
| Modeling Cloud Data in Reverse Engineering | p. 120 |
| Data Processing for Rapid Prototyping | p. 122 |
| Integration of RE and RP for Layer-based Model Generation | p. 122 |
| The Adaptive Slicing Approach for Cloud Data Modeling | p. 124 |
| Planar Polygon Curve Construction for a Layer | p. 125 |
| Correlation Coefficient | p. 126 |
| Initial Point Determination | p. 127 |
| Constructing the First Line Segment (S1) | p. 128 |
| Constructing the Remaining Line Segments (Si) | p. 130 |
| Determination of Adaptive Layer Thickness | p. 132 |
| Some Application Examples | p. 134 |
| Conclusions | p. 139 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 139 |
| Reverse Engineering in the Automotive Industry | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| Reverse Engineering-Workflow for Automotive Body Design | p. 142 |
| Inside GM's Virtual NASCAR Engine Block | p. 143 |
| Ferrari Speed Not Confined to Race Track | p. 146 |
| Reverse Engineering for Better Quality | p. 149 |
| A Look Ahead-Convergence of Digital and Physical Worlds | p. 152 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 154 |
| Reverse Engineering in the Aerospace Industry | p. 157 |
| Introduction | p. 157 |
| RE in Aerospace-A Work in Progress | p. 159 |
| Reducing Costs of Hard Tooling | p. 162 |
| Digitizing a NASA Space Vehicle | p. 164 |
| Inspection in Half the Time | p. 169 |
| Making the Next Great Leap | p. 173 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 174 |
| Reverse Engineering in the Medical Device Industry | p. 177 |
| Introduction | p. 177 |
| Orthodontics Without Wires and Brackets | p. 178 |
| Improving the Scanning Process | p. 180 |
| The Six-stage Process | p. 181 |
| Achievement | p. 182 |
| Digital Dentistry Becomes Reality | p. 182 |
| Hearing Instruments Meet the Digital Age | p. 185 |
| Reverse Engineering-A Better Knee Replacement | p. 188 |
| The Quest for a Total Artificial Heart | p. 190 |
| Moving Toward Mass Customization | p. 192 |
| Acknowledgments | p. 194 |
| Legal Aspects of Reverse Engineering | p. 195 |
| Introduction | p. 195 |
| Copyright Law | p. 196 |
| Reverse Engineering | p. 198 |
| Recent Case Law | p. 199 |
| Sega Enterprises Ltd.v.Accolade, Inc | p. 199 |
| Atari Games Corp.v.Nintendo of America, Inc | p. 201 |
| The Fair Use Statutory Defense | p. 203 |
| History and Changing the Law | p. 203 |
| What Do We Know About Proper Reverse Engineering | p. 203 |
| Conclusion | p. 206 |
| Barriers to Adopting Reverse Engineering | p. 207 |
| Background | p. 207 |
| The Research Model | p. 208 |
| Research Methodology | p. 213 |
| Factor Analysis Approach | p. 214 |
| Factor Determination Phase | p. 214 |
| Data Collection | p. 214 |
| Findings | p. 216 |
| Conclusions and Recommendations for Further Research | p. 218 |
| Color Section | p. 219 |
| References | p. 231 |
| Index | p. 239 |
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