Reflecting on Nature

*=New to this Edition Preface to the Second Edition: Preface to the First Edition: SECTION I. IMAGES OF NATURE Introduction Lynn White, Jr., "The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis" From "Genesis" Aristotle, from Physics Aristotle, from Politics John Locke, from The Second Treatise of Government Charles Darwin, from On the Origin of Species John Muir, "Anthropocentrism and Predation" Aldo Leopold, from "The Land Ethic" Henry David Thoreau, from "Walking" John Stuart Mill, from Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy * John Stuart Mill, from "On Nature" Daniel Botkin, from Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-First Century Vandana Shiva, from Staying Alive: Women, Ecology, and Development Stephen Jay Gould, from "The Golden Rule--A Proper Scale for Our Environmental Crisis" * Val Plumwood, from "Being Prey" * Arne Naess, from "The Basics of Deep Ecology" * Rachel Carson, from Silent Spring SECTION II. ETHICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Introduction * Richard Routley, "Is There a Need for a New, an Environmental, Ethic?" Bernard Williams, "Must a Concern for the Environment be Centered on Human Beings?" Kenneth Goodpaster, from "On Being Morally Considerable" * Robert Elliot, "Normative Ethics" * Ronald Sandler, "Environmental Virtue Ethics" Paul W. Taylor, from Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics * J. Baird Callicott, from Beyond the Land Ethic SECTION III. JUSTICE AND THE ENVIRONMENT Introduction * Peter Singer, "One Community" * Brian Barry, from "Sustainability and Intergenerational Justice" * Sheila Foster and Luke Cole, "Environmental Racism" SECTION IV. ANIMALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Introduction * Peter Singer, "All Animals are Equal . . ." * Lori Gruen, "The Moral Status of Animals" * Mark Sagoff, "Animal Liberation and Environmental Ethics: Bad Marriage, Quick Divorce" * Dale Jamieson, "Animal Liberation Is an Environmental Ethic" * Tom Regan, "Understanding Animal Rights Violence" SECTION V. CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES Food * Wendell Berry, from "The Ecological Crisis as a Crisis of Agriculture" * Jonathan Safran Foer, from Eating Animals * Blake Hurst, "The Omnivore's Delusion: Against the Agri-intellectuals" * Peter Singer and Jim Mason, from The Ethics of What We Eat * Cora Diamond, "Eating Meat and Eating People" * Evelyn Pluhar, "Meat and Morality: Alternatives to Factory Farming" Wilderness * Jack Turner, from The Abstract Wild * William Cronon, "The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature" * Ramachandra Guha, "Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique" Biodiversity Elliott Sober, "Philosophical Problems for Environmentalism" * Sahotra Sarkar, from Biodiversity and Environmental Philosophy * Holmes Rolston III, "Biodiversity" Climate Change * Anil Agarwal and Sunita Narain, from "Global Warming in an Unequal World" * Stephen M. Gardiner, "Ethics and Climate Change" * Eric A. Posner and Cass R. Sunstein, from "Climate Change Justice" Aesthetics * John A. Fisher, "Environmental Aesthetics" * Allen Carleson, "Nature and Positive Aesthetics" * Ned Hettinger, "Objectivity in Environmental Aesthetics and Protection of the Environment"