| Preface | |
| List of Figures | |
| List of Tables | |
| Authors | |
| Real-Time Computing and Industrial Process Automation | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Industrial Control Systems | p. 4 |
| Example: A Chemical Process | p. 7 |
| Historical Perspective | p. 10 |
| Conceptual Foundations | p. 15 |
| Real-Time System Characteristics | p. 15 |
| Continuous and Discrete Time | p. 17 |
| Engineering Approach to Hard Real-Time System Design | p. 20 |
| Digital Control of Continuous Processes | p. 23 |
| Introduction | p. 23 |
| Linear System Theory | p. 24 |
| Control System Analysis and Design | p. 28 |
| Digitising Analogue Signals | p. 32 |
| New Developments | p. 41 |
| Hardware Architectures | p. 45 |
| Classical Process Automation | p. 45 |
| Centralised Direct Digital Control | p. 50 |
| Redundant Configurations | p. 53 |
| Multi-Level Control Systems | p. 58 |
| Network-Based Distributed Systems | p. 63 |
| Process Interfacing | p. 69 |
| Technical Process Infrastructure | p. 69 |
| Interfacing Digital Signals | p. 72 |
| Analogue Outputs | p. 76 |
| Analogue Inputs | p. 82 |
| Serial Interface | p. 89 |
| Communication Networks | p. 99 |
| Network Architecture | p. 99 |
| LAN Technology | p. 104 |
| LAN Medium Access Control | p. 108 |
| LAN Logical Link Control | p. 115 |
| MAP/TOP Protocol | p. 117 |
| Real-Time Operating Systems Principles | p. 123 |
| Operating System Requirements | p. 123 |
| Synchronous and Asynchronous Task Execution | p. 126 |
| Multi-Tasking | p. 130 |
| Task Synchronisation and communication | p. 137 |
| Time and Event Handling | p. 145 |
| Distributed Operating Systems | p. 147 |
| Comparison of Some Real-Time Operating Systems | p. 151 |
| System iRMX88 | p. 151 |
| System iRMX86 | p. 155 |
| System QNX | p. 160 |
| System PORTOS | p. 165 |
| Comparison of Real-Time Operating Systems | p. 169 |
| High Level Real-Time Programming | p. 173 |
| Real-Time Features in High Level Languages | p. 173 |
| A Closer Look at Ada and PEARL | p. 177 |
| Requirements for New High Level Language Features | p. 183 |
| High-Integrity PEARL | p. 185 |
| Advanced Features of High-Integrity PEARL | p. 189 |
| Schedulability Analysis | p. 201 |
| Schedulability Analyser | p. 201 |
| Front-End of the Schedulability Analyser | p. 203 |
| A Segment Tree Example | p. 204 |
| Front-End Statistics | p. 206 |
| Back-End of the Schedulability Analyser | p. 208 |
| Program Transformations | p. 209 |
| Empirical Evaluation | p. 215 |
| System and Software Life Cycle | p. 217 |
| System Development | p. 217 |
| Software Life Cycle | p. 220 |
| Software Development Economy | p. 225 |
| Classical Software Development Methods | p. 228 |
| Prototyping | p. 233 |
| Object-Oriented Development | p. 236 |
| Transformational Implementation | p. 238 |
| Evaluation of the Development Paradigms | p. 242 |
| Software Quality Assurance | p. 245 |
| Software Quality Assurance Planning | p. 245 |
| Reviews and Audits | p. 247 |
| Structured Walkthrough and inspections | p. 249 |
| Software Testing | p. 251 |
| Computer Aided Software Engineering Tools | p. 255 |
| Software Development Environments | p. 255 |
| The EPOS System | p. 258 |
| Example: A Chemical Process | p. 263 |
| Formal Specification and Verification Methods | p. 271 |
| Introduction | p. 271 |
| Sequential and Parallel Description | p. 272 |
| Petri Nets | p. 275 |
| Properties of Petri Nets | p. 280 |
| Temporal Logic | p. 284 |
| Correctness Verification Using Temporal Logic | p. 286 |
| Programmable Logic Controllers | p. 291 |
| Hardwired and Programmable Logic Control | p. 291 |
| PLC Hardware Architecture | p. 295 |
| Programming Languages | p. 301 |
| Sequential Function Charts | p. 308 |
| PLC Peripherals | p. 310 |
| Case Studies and Applications | p. 315 |
| Distributed System Design in CONIC | p. 315 |
| Main Goals and Characteristics | p. 315 |
| CONIC Module Programming Language | p. 316 |
| CONIC Configuration Language | p. 317 |
| CONIC Distributed Operating System | p. 318 |
| The CONIC Communication System | p. 320 |
| Conclusion | p. 321 |
| Graphical Design of Real-Time Applications in LACATRE | p. 322 |
| Main Goals and Objectives | p. 322 |
| Objects of the LACATRE Language | p. 323 |
| Configurable Objects | p. 324 |
| Programmable Objects | p. 326 |
| Example: A Robotics Application | p. 328 |
| Real-Time Software Engineering Workbench | p. 331 |
| Bibliography | p. 335 |
| Index | p. 345 |
| Table of Contents provided by Blackwell. All Rights Reserved. |
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