Rational Lives

Norms and Values in Politics and Society

By: Dennis Chong

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Paperback | 1 April 2000 | Edition Number 1

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Those who study value conflicts have resisted rational choice approaches in the social sciences, contending that political conflict over cultural values is best explained by group loyalties, symbolic motives, and other "nonrational" factors. However, Chong shows that a single model can explain how people make decisions across both social and economic realms. He argues that our preferences result from a combination of psychological dispositions, which are shaped by social influences and developed over the life span.

Chong's book yields insights about the circumstances under which preferences, beliefs, values, norms and group identifications are formed. It offers a provocative explanation of how ingrained social norms and values can change over time despite the forces maintaining the status quo.

"Going beyond the tired polemics on both sides, [Chong] constructs a new interpretation of human behavior in which culture and individual rationality both matter. The synthesis is a more comprehensive and powerful explanatory framework than either side could have produced, and Chong's creativity should influence subsequent interpretations of our social life in fundamental ways."—Christopher H. Achen, University of Michigan

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Non-Fiction Sociology & Anthropology Anthropology Social & Cultural Anthropology, Ethnography Reference, Information & Interdisciplinary Subjects Research & Information Decision Theory Politics & Government Political Science & Theory Psychology Social Psychology

List of Figures	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
Interests versus Values	p. 11
Rational Choice	p. 12
Status Politics	p. 20
Symbolic Politics	p. 24
Does Rational Choice Theory Survive the Challenges Posed by the Symbolic Politics Research?	p. 26
Taking Stock of Expressive and Instrumental Theories	p. 42
A Model of Individual Choice	p. 45
Dispositions and Incentives	p. 47
Reference Groups and Conformity	p. 47
Group Dynamics	p. 51
A Model of Individual Choice	p. 53
Incentives: The Meaning of [pi]	p. 54
Reinforcing Only L	p. 56
Reinforcing Only R	p. 56
Dispositions: The Meaning of a and b	p. 57
Exposure to Both L and R	p. 59
Deductions: The Interplay between Incentives and Dispositions	p. 62
Conclusion	p. 74
Coordination and Conflict	p. 76
Four Mechanisms of Defense	p. 76
Coordination Problems	p. 79
Ethnocentrism	p. 87
Vested Interests	p. 98
Majorities and Minorities	p. 106
Conclusion	p. 113
Cultural Mobilization	p. 116
Creating Common Frames of Reference	p. 119
Deductions	p. 122
General Strategies	p. 126
The Element of Surprise	p. 130
Convergence on a Focal Point	p. 134
Arguing with Principles	p. 141
Conclusion	p. 150
Economics Meets Morality in a Texas Community	p. 153
Background	p. 154
Setting the Agenda	p. 158
Framing Strategies following the First Vote	p. 160
Competing Worldviews	p. 165
The Role of Social and Moral Beliefs in Solving Coordination Problems	p. 169
Morality, Trust, and Social Order	p. 171
Political Repercussions of Cultural Diversity	p. 173
Evaluating Information and Reasoning about Means and Ends	p. 176
Are the Citizens of Williamson County Acting in Their Self-Interest?	p. 180
Conclusion	p. 184
Mass Adjustment to New Norms	p. 186
Incentives and Dispositions (Reprised)	p. 188
Social Adjustment to New Norms and Practices	p. 190
A Model of Social Adjustment	p. 193
Mechanisms of Social Change	p. 203
How the South Was Won	p. 206
Conclusion	p. 210
Culture and Strategy	p. 212
A Unifying Theory	p. 213
Value Formation	p. 214
Social Change	p. 218
The Limits of Rationality	p. 221
Expressive and Moral Action	p. 222
A Final Word	p. 228
Notes	p. 233
Biblography	p. 265
Index	p. 283
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Rational Lives

Norms and Values in Politics and Society

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How to return your order

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