Rational Animals?

By: Susan Hurley (Editor), Matthew Nudds (Editor)

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Paperback | 6 April 2006

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570 Pages

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24.41 x 16.99 x 2.95

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To what extent can animal behaviour be described as rational? What does it even mean to describe behaviour as rational? This book focuses on one of the major debates in science today - how closely does mental processing in animals resemble mental processing in humans. It addresses the question of whether and to what extent non-human animals are rational, that is, whether any animal behaviour can be regarded as the result of a rational thought processes. It does this with attention to three key questions, which recur throughout the book and which have both empirical and philosophical aspects: What kinds of behavioural tasks can animals successfully perform? What if any mental processes must be postulated to explain their performance at these tasks? What properties must processes have to count as rational? The book is distinctive in pursuing these questions not only in relation to our closest relatives, the primates, whose intelligence usually gets the most attention, but also in relation to birds and dolphins, where striking results are also being obtained. Some chapters focus on a particular species. They describe some of the extraordinary and complex behaviour of these species - using tools in novel ways to solve foraging problems, for example, or behaving in novel ways to solve complex social problems - and ask whether such behaviour should be explained in rational or merely mechanistic terms. Other chapters address more theoretical issues and ask, for example, what it means for behaviour to be rational, and whether rationality can be understood in the absence of language. The book includes many of the world's leading figures doing empirical work on rationality in primates, dolphins, and birds, as well as distinguished philosophers of mind and science. The book includes an editors' introduction which summarises the philosophical and empirical work presented, and draws together the issues discussed by the contributors.

Industry Reviews

`'Rational Animals' has successfully brought together an impressive number of the world's leading philosophers and cognitive scientists to create a comparative and evolutionary analysis of rationality that is unprecedented in its comprehensiveness and intellectual depth. Ingenious empirical studies have recently transformed our understanding of animal cognition, and here the results receive razor-sharp appraisal. The conclusions matter not only for how we view the diversity of non-human minds we share the planet with, but also how we regard the extraordinary mix of rational and irrational psychology that makes us human. ' Andrew Whiten, Professor of Evolutionary and Developmental Psychology, St. Andrews `This is a superb interdisciplinary collection of essays by many of the best specialists in the area. It truly enhances our understanding of what is at stake in discussions of animal rationality, and presents fascinating state-of-the-art evidence. ' Dan Sperber, Director of Research, CNRS, Paris `Most students of animal behavior regard Descartes' claim that animals are unthinking, mechanical brutes as hopelessly simplistic. Rational Animals shows why in an important and timely integration of recent breakthroughs on this fascinating topic. Susan Hurley has done a superb job of editing and highlighting the contributions of a distinguished group of psychologists and philosophers that will leave little doubt in the reader's mind that there is a high degree of overlap in how animals and humans think about their worlds. An essential book for anyone interested in the evolution of intelligence. ' Herb Terrace, Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry, Columbia University

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