Table of Contents
Preface to English edition
Preface
Chapter 1 Radiation carries energy
1-1 Is radiation scary?
1-2 What is written in this book
1-2-1 Radiation is carries energy
1-2-2 All physical and chemical phenomena accompany energy transfer
1-2-3 "EQ (radiation) exposure" means energy deposition (absorption) or energy transfer from EQ to an object
1-2-4 Deposited or absorbed energy in unit mass or volume are quite different depending the kind of EQ.
1-2-5 Units related to radiation, exposure and radiation measurements
1-2-5-1 Energy and power carried/deposited by EQ (radiation) (J or eV and W)
1-2-5-2 Absorbed dose and dose rate
1-2-5-3 Intensity of EQ or radioactivity
1-2-6 Intensity and energy of EQ (radiation)
1-3 Energy release from a material (Black body radiation and EQ emission)
1-4 EQ sources in nature
1-5 Energy transfer in physical and chemical phenomena
1-6 Radioactive materials and artificial EQ (radiation) sources
1-7 Summary
Chapter 2 Radiation (EQ: Energy Quantum)
2-1 Introduction
2-2 Radiation is consisting of EQ
2-3 Sources of EQ and their intensity
2-3-1 Sources
2-3-2 Characteristics of radioisotopes as EQ sources
2-3-3 Geometry of EQ sources (point, planner, volumetric and spatial sources)
2-3-3-1 Point and volumetric sources
2-3-3-2 Planner source
2-3-3-3 Spatial source
2-3-4 Air dose rate
2-4 Energy deposition (absorption) given by EQ exposure
2-5 Energy absorption in living beings exposed to EQ
2-5-1 External exposure
2-5-2 Internal exposure
2-5-3 Absorbed dose, dose rate and dose equivalent
2-5-4 Conversion of units related to EQ exposure (Bq, Gy, Sv and effective dose)
2-6 Shielding and decontamination
2-7 Effects of EQ exposure on a human body
Chapter 3 Sources of Energetic Quanta (EQ) (Radiation Sources)
3-1 Radioisotopes
3-1-1 Stable isotopes and radioisotopes
3-1-2 Emission of EQ from radioactive isotopes (Disintegration of radioisotopes)
3-1-3 Radioactive isotopes in nature
3-1-4 EQ exposure of human body in nature
3-1-5 EQ emitted from 131-iodine and 137-cesium and their exposure effects
3-2 Radiation from the sun
3-3 Nuclear reactors
3-4 Release of FPs from the Fukushima power plant after the accident
3-5 Artificial EQ sources
3-5-1 Accelerators
3-5-2 X-ray Generator
3-5-3 Lasers
Chapter 4. Irradiation effects of EQ on materials (inorganic- and organic-materials, and living beings)
4-1 Evaluation of the effects of EQ exposure
4-1-1 There is no critical dose to distinguish secure and insecure
4-1-2 Definite and stochastic (probabilistic) effects of exposure
4-1-3 Evaluation of the effects of low-dose exposure and reduction of exposure
4-2 Irradiation effects of EQ on materials
4-2-1 Effects of EQ exposure on inorganic materials
4-2-1-1 Irradiation effects of metals
4-2-1-1-1 Damages caused by nuclear collisions
4-2-1-1-2 Damage caused by electron excitation
4-2-1-2 Irradiation effects of covalent and ionic bonding materials
4-2-2 Irradiation effects of organic materials
4-2-3 Irradiation effects of living beings - from molecular levels in cells, tissues to individuals -
4-3 Resilience to EQ exposure and recovery
4-4 Absorbed does (deposited energy) and volume exposed to EQ
Chapter 5
