
At a Glance
332 Pages
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This book gives an overview of the latest progress in the domain of quantum imaging. It reflects three and a half years of research carried out by leading specialists in the area within the Quantum Imaging network, a research programme of the European Community.
Quantum Imaging is a newly born branch of quantum optics that investigates the ultimate performance limits of optical imaging allowed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Using the methods and techniques from quantum optics, quantum imaging addresses the questions of image formation, processing and detection with sensitivity and resolution exceeding the limits of classical imaging.
| Quantum Imaging with Continuous Variables | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Concepts of Squeezing and of Entanglement with Continuous Variables, and Their Intrinsic Connection | p. 2 |
| Prototype Model I | p. 2 |
| Prototype Model II | p. 3 |
| Intrinsic Relation Between Squeezing and Entanglement | p. 5 |
| Spatially Multimode Parametric Down-Conversion: Some Topics in Quantum Imaging | p. 7 |
| Spatially Multimode Versus Single-Mode Squeezing: Optical Parametric Down-Conversion of Type-I | p. 7 |
| Near-Field/Far-Field Duality in Type-I OPAs | p. 8 |
| Detection of Weak Amplitude or Phase Objects Beyond the Standard Quantum Limit | p. 11 |
| Image Amplification by Parametric Down-Conversion (Type-I) | p. 12 |
| References | p. 14 |
| Spatial Entanglement in Optical Parametric Down-Conversion | p. 17 |
| Introduction | p. 17 |
| Simultaneous Near-Field and Far-Field Spatial Quantum Correlation in the High-Gain Regime of Type-II Parametric Down-Conversion | p. 17 |
| Propagation Equations for the Signal-Idler Fields and Input-Output Relations | p. 17 |
| Near- and Far-Field Correlations in the Stationary and Plane-Wave Pump Approximation | p. 22 |
| Near- and Far-Field Correlations: Numerical Results in the General Case | p. 25 |
| Far-Field Correlations | p. 25 |
| Near-Field Correlations | p. 26 |
| Detection of Sub-Shot-Noise Spatial Correlations in High-Gain Parametric Down-Conversion | p. 28 |
| Detection of the Spatial Features of the Far-Field PDC Radiation by Means of the CCD | p. 29 |
| Experimental Set-Up for Spatial-Correlations Measurements | p. 30 |
| Detection of Quantum Spatial Correlations: Spatial Analogue of Photon Antibunching in Time | p. 33 |
| Multiphoton, Multimode Polarization Entanglement in Parametric Down-Conversion | p. 38 |
| References | p. 43 |
| Quantum Imaging in the Continuous-Wave Regime Using Degenerate Optical Cavities | p. 47 |
| Introduction | p. 47 |
| Classical Imaging Properties of Degenerate Optical Cavities | p. 47 |
| Introduction | p. 47 |
| Cavity Round-Trip Transform | p. 48 |
| Image Transmission Through an Optical Cavity | p. 50 |
| Theory of Optical Parametric Oscillation in a Degenerate Cavity | p. 52 |
| Classical Behavior | p. 52 |
| Quantum Properties | p. 54 |
| Experimental Results | p. 57 |
| Classical Effects: Observation of Optical Patterns | p. 58 |
| Observation of Quantum Correlations in Images | p. 59 |
| Conclusion | p. 63 |
| References | p. 63 |
| Quantum Imaging by Synthesis of Multimode Quantum Light | p. 67 |
| Introduction | p. 67 |
| Quantum Noise in an Arraylike Detection | p. 68 |
| Implementing a Sub-Shot-Noise Array Detection | p. 70 |
| The Quantum Laser Pointer | p. 71 |
| Optical Read-Out | p. 73 |
| Measuring a Signal in an Optimal Way | p. 76 |
| Conclusion | p. 77 |
| References | p. 78 |
| Ghost Imaging | p. 79 |
| Introduction | p. 79 |
| General Theory of Ghost Imaging with Entangled Beams | p. 81 |
| Specific Imaging Schemes | p. 83 |
| Wave-Particle Aspect | p. 85 |
| Spatial Average in Ghost Diffraction: Increase of Spatial Bandwidth and of Speed in Retrieval | p. 87 |
| Ghost Imaging with Homodyne Detection | p. 88 |
| Debate: Is Quantum Entanglement Really Necessary for Ghost Imaging? | p. 90 |
| Ghost Imaging by Split Thermallike Beams: Theory [15-17] | p. 92 |
| Analogy Between Thermal and Entangled Beams in Ghost Imaging [15-17] | p. 93 |
| Resolution Aspects | p. 95 |
| Relations with the Classic Hanburry-Brown and Twiss Correlation Technique [37] | p. 95 |
| Correlation Aspects | p. 96 |
| Visibility Aspects | p. 98 |
| Some Historical Considerations | p. 100 |
| Rule-of-Thumb Comparison Between Entangled and "Thermal" Ghost Imaging | p. 100 |
| Ghost Imaging with Split Thermal Beams: Experiment | p. 101 |
| High-Resolution Ghost Imaging [23] | p. 102 |
| The Ghost Diffraction Experiment: Complementarity Between Coherence and Correlation [24] | p. 107 |
| References | p. 110 |
| Quantum Limits of Optical Super-Resolution | p. 113 |
| Super-Resolution in Classical Optics | p. 113 |
| Quantum Theory of Super-Resolution | p. 115 |
| Quantum Theory of Optical Imaging | p. 115 |
| Quantum Theory of Optical Fourier Microscopy | p. 119 |
| Quantum Limits in Reconstruction of Optical Objects | p. 121 |
| Reconstruction of Classical Noise-Free Objects | p. 121 |
| Reconstruction of Objects with Quantum Fluctuations | p. 126 |
| Point-Spread Function for Super-Resolving Reconstruction of Objects | p. 128 |
| Squeezed-Light Source for Microscopy with Super-Resolution | p. 132 |
| References | p. 138 |
| Noiseless Amplification of Optical Images | p. 141 |
| Introduction | p. 141 |
| Traveling-Wave Scheme for Amplification of Images | p. 142 |
| Optimum Phase Matching for Parametric Amplification | p. 145 |
| Quantum Fluctuations in the Amplified Image and Conditions for Noiseless Amplification | p. 149 |
| Experimental Demonstration of Temporally Noiseless Image Amplification | p. 155 |
| Experiment on Spatially Noiseless Amplification of Images | p. 158 |
| References | p. 164 |
| Optical Image Processing in Second-Harmonic Generation | p. 167 |
| Introduction | p. 167 |
| Image Processing in Second-Harmonic Generation at a Classical Level | p. 168 |
| Frequency Up-Conversion of an Image | p. 171 |
| Contrast Enhancement and Contour Recognition | p. 172 |
| Noise Filtering Properties | p. 174 |
| Quantum Image Processing in Type-I Second-Harmonic Generation | p. 175 |
| Field-Operator Dynamics | p. 176 |
| Quantum Image Processing | p. 181 |
| Quantum Image Processing in Type-II Second-Harmonic Generation | p. 188 |
| Propagation Equations | p. 189 |
| Linearly y-Polarized Pump: Frequency Addition Regime | p. 192 |
| 45[Characters not reproducible]-Linearly Polarized Pump: Noiseless Up-Conversion and Amplification | p. 193 |
| References | p. 199 |
| Transverse Distribution of Quantum Fluctuations in Free-Space Spatial Solitons | p. 201 |
| Introduction | p. 201 |
| General Method | p. 202 |
| Propagation Equations for the Fluctuations | p. 202 |
| Green's Function Approach | p. 203 |
| Correlations Between the Photocurrents | p. 204 |
| Spatial Solitons: Mean Values | p. 205 |
| X[superscript (3)] Scalar Spatial Soliton | p. 205 |
| X[superscript (3)] Vector Spatial Soliton | p. 206 |
| X[superscript (2)] Spatial Soliton | p. 206 |
| Squeezing on the Total Beam | p. 208 |
| X[superscript (3)] Scalar Spatial Soliton | p. 208 |
| X[superscript (3)] Vector Soliton: Total Beam Squeezing and Correlation Between Polarizations | p. 208 |
| X[superscript (3)] Spatial Solitons | p. 210 |
| Local Quantum Fluctuations | p. 211 |
| X[superscript (3)] Scalar Spatial Soliton | p. 211 |
| Intensity Squeezing by Spatial Filtering | p. 214 |
| X[superscript (3)] Vector Soliton | p. 215 |
| Quantum Correlations Between Field Quadratures at Different Points | p. 216 |
| X[superscript (3)] Scalar Spatial Soliton | p. 216 |
| Vector Solitons | p. 216 |
| X[superscript (2)] Spatial Solitons | p. 217 |
| Conclusion | p. 218 |
| References | p. 218 |
| Quantum Fluctuations in Cavity Solitons | p. 221 |
| Introduction | p. 221 |
| Cavity Solitons in Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillators | p. 222 |
| Spatial Equations and Domain Walls with Oscillatory Tails | p. 223 |
| Cavity Solitons Formed by Locked Domain Walls | p. 223 |
| Quantum Fluctuations in DOPO | p. 226 |
| Wigner Representation | p. 226 |
| Q-Representation | p. 227 |
| Arrays of CS Induced by Quantum Fluctuations | p. 227 |
| Quantum Features in the Near and the Far Field of CS | p. 231 |
| Quantum Correlations of CS in the Near Field | p. 231 |
| Quantum Correlations of CS in the Far Field | p. 233 |
| Conclusions and Acknowledgments | p. 236 |
| References | p. 236 |
| Quantum Holographic Teleportation and Dense Coding of Optical Images | p. 239 |
| Introduction | p. 239 |
| Continuous-Variable Squeezing and Entanglement for Spatially Multimode Light Fields | p. 240 |
| Spatial Scales of Quantum Correlations in Squeezed Light | p. 240 |
| Spatially Multimode Entanglement | p. 243 |
| Quantum Holographic Teleportation of Optical Images | p. 244 |
| Basics of Quantum Teleportation | p. 245 |
| Optical Scheme for Quantum Teleportation of Images | p. 246 |
| Quantum Statistics of the Teleported Field | p. 247 |
| Global and Reduced Fidelity of Holographic Teleportation | p. 254 |
| Quantum Holographic Teleportation and Holography | p. 259 |
| Quantum Dense Coding of Optical Images | p. 260 |
| Basics of Quantum Dense Coding | p. 260 |
| Optical Scheme for Quantum Dense Coding of Images | p. 261 |
| Shannon Mutual Information for Images | p. 264 |
| Channel Capacity | p. 266 |
| Conclusions and Outlook | p. 270 |
| Properties of Spatially Multimode Squeezing | p. 271 |
| Homodyne Detection with Spatial Resolution | p. 273 |
| References | p. 275 |
| Orbital Angular Momentum of Light | p. 277 |
| Introduction | p. 277 |
| Angular Momentum in Electromagnetism | p. 278 |
| Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum | p. 280 |
| Angular Momentum in Paraxial Optics | p. 281 |
| Mechanical Effects | p. 283 |
| Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum | p. 284 |
| Phase Singularities and Spatial Properties | p. 284 |
| Laguerre-Gaussian and Bessel Beams | p. 284 |
| Generation and Conversion | p. 286 |
| Other Field Spatial Profiles | p. 289 |
| Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum | p. 290 |
| Quantum Optical Angular Momentum | p. 290 |
| States of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum | p. 290 |
| Measuring Orbital Angular Momentum | p. 291 |
| Angle and Angular Momentum | p. 292 |
| Uncertainty Relation for Angle and Angular Momentum | p. 292 |
| Intelligent and Minimum Uncertainty Product States | p. 294 |
| Communications | p. 297 |
| Rotation Measurements | p. 299 |
| Orbital Angular Momentum in Quantum Nonlinear Optics | p. 300 |
| Phase Matching | p. 301 |
| Second-Harmonic Generation of Laguerre-Gaussian Beams | p. 302 |
| Down-Conversion and Entanglement | p. 304 |
| High-Order Nonlinearity | p. 306 |
| Conclusion | p. 307 |
| References | p. 308 |
| Index | p. 313 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
ISBN: 9780387338187
ISBN-10: 0387338187
Published: 25th October 2006
Format: Hardcover
Language: English
Number of Pages: 332
Audience: College, Tertiary and University
Publisher: Springer Nature B.V.
Country of Publication: US
Dimensions (cm): 24.13 x 16.51 x 2.54
Weight (kg): 0.84
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