Quantum Computing and Communications

By: Michael Brooks (Editor)

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Paperback | 21 May 1999

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170 Pages

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We have, in the last few years, radically improved our grasp of the quantum world. Not just intellectually, either: our ability to manipulate real quantum systems has grown in equal measure with our understanding of their fundamental behavior. These two shoots - the intellectual and the practical harnessing of the quantum world - have sprung up at a time when a third shoot - information processing - has also been experiencing explosive growth. These three shoots are now becoming intertwined. Twisted together, our understanding of information processing, quantum theory and practical quantum control make for a strong new growth with enormous potential. One must always be careful about using the word 'revolutionary' too readily. It is, however, difficult to find another word to describe the developments that have been taking place during the second half of the 1990s. In 1986 Richard Feynman, the visionary professor of physics, made a very interesting remark: " ... we are going to be even more ridiculous later and consider bits written on one atom instead of the present 1011 atoms. Such nonsense is very entertaining to professors like me." It is exceptionally unfortunate that Feynman did not live to see this 'nonsense' fully transformed into reality. He, more than anybody, would enjoy the fact that it is now possible to write information onto an atom, or indeed an ion or a photon.

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Non-Fiction Science Physics Quantum Physics & Quantum Mechanics & Quantum Field Theory Computing & I.T.Computer Science Computer Networking & Communications Computer Hardware Network Hardware

A Wide Perspective
Introduction	p. 3
Exploiting the Quantum World	p. 3
Historical Background	p. 5
Worldwide Efforts in QCC	p. 6
The Fundamentals of Quantum Information	p. 9
Quantum Computer Science	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Algorithms and the Complexity Problem	p. 18
The Quantum Computation Answer	p. 19
Quantum Algorithms	p. 20
Quantum Logic Gates and Networks	p. 21
Obstacles	p. 23
A Workable Solution: Quantum Error Correction	p. 23
Conclusions	p. 24
Experimental Realizations	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Trapped Ions	p. 27
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance	p. 29
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics	p. 30
Quantum Dots	p. 31
Optical Technologies for Quantum Computing and Communications	p. 33
Introduction	p. 33
Using the Quantum Nature of Light	p. 34
Potential	p. 34
Problems	p. 34
Quantum Noise in Optical Communications	p. 35
Generic Technologies in Quantum Communications	p. 35
Nonlinear Optics	p. 36
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics	p. 36
Operations Performed on Optical Signals	p. 37
Signal Generation	p. 37
Detection	p. 38
Attenuation	p. 38
Distribution	p. 39
Amplification	p. 39
Conclusions: Towards the Second Generation	p. 40
Applications	p. 43
Introduction	p. 43
Emerging Technologies	p. 44
Quantum Cryptography	p. 44
Quantum Repeaters	p. 44
Quantum Simulators	p. 45
Metrology and Few Photon Applications	p. 46
Conclusions: Measuring Progress	p. 47
A Note on the Question of Scaling: Decoherence and Error Correction	p. 49
Personal Perspectives
Solid State Quantum Computation: Prospects, Proposals, and Prejudices	p. 53
Information is Physical, But Slippery	p. 59
Nanocircuitry, Defect Tolerance and Quantum Computing: Architectural and Manufacturing Considerations	p. 63
Quantum Computing and NMR	p. 71
Quantum Networks and Quantum Algorithms	p. 79
Quantum Cryptography	p. 87
A Perspective for the Future
Realizing the Potential of Quantum Information Processing	p. 97
Prospects for Quantum Computing	p. 97
Prospects for Special Applications	p. 98
Quantum Simulation	p. 98
Limited Qubit and Reduced-Noise High Precision Applications	p. 98
Secure Communications	p. 99
Meeting The Needs of the QIP Field	p. 99
The Need for Academic Focus	p. 100
The Need for Industrial Focus	p. 100
The Need for Awareness	p. 101
The Role of Europe	p. 103
The Pioneering Stage	p. 103
Today	p. 104
Multi-Disciplinary or Trans-Disciplinary Nature of the Community	p. 104
The Numbers Involved	p. 104
The Geographical Spread	p. 105
The Industrial Scene	p. 105
Summary of the European Scene	p. 106
Quantum Computing and Communications: A View from the USA	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
What Works Well	p. 108
What Does Not Work So Well	p. 108
NASA/JPL	p. 109
Lessons Learned from Experience with NASA	p. 111
Opportunities for Europe	p. 111
Commercialization	p. 112
Recommendations	p. 113
Programmatic Recommendations	p. 113
Technology Solutions	p. 113
Quantum Computer Science	p. 113
Education and Training	p. 114
Reference materials
Quantum Information Processing: A Brief Overview of Recent Advances	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
The Underlying Physical System	p. 120
Quantum Bits and Quantum Superpositions	p. 120
Quantum Gates	p. 120
Quantum Parallelism	p. 121
Fundamentals of Quantum Information	p. 121
Entanglement	p. 121
Quantum Dense Coding	p. 122
Quantum Teleportation	p. 123
Quantum Cryptography	p. 123
Standard Cryptosystems	p. 123
Quantum Key Distribution	p. 124
Quantum Computing	p. 125
Quantum Algorithms	p. 125
Grover's Search Algorithm	p. 126
Period Finding and Shor's Factorization Algorithm	p. 127
Minimum Requirements for any Quantum System to Be a Quantum Computer	p. 128
Simulation of Other Quantum Systems	p. 128
Quantum Decoherence	p. 129
What is Decoherence?	p. 129
Quantum Error Correction	p. 130
Experimental Realizations	p. 131
Systems with Few Degrees of Freedom	p. 131
Macroscopic Systems	p. 132
Conclusions	p. 132
Categories and Definitions	p. 137
Definitions and Glossary of Terms	p. 137
Definition of Quantum Computing and Communications	p. 137
Sub-Sector Definitions	p. 138
Some Relevant Terms	p. 140
The Disciplines that Contribute to Quantum Information Processing	p. 142
The Pathfinder Project	p. 145
Pathfinder Activities	p. 145
Newsletters	p. 145
Database of Active Individuals and Organizations	p. 146
Taxonomy of the Subject	p. 146
Helsinki Conference	p. 146
QIP Report	p. 147
Pathfinder Project Partners	p. 147
A Preliminary QIP Roadmap	p. 149
Index	p. 151
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Quantum Computing and Communications

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