Innovations in Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena

Preface
Section I: Ionic Liquids Structure
Chapter 1: Characteristic Features
1.1. Introduction
1.2. General Features
1.2.1. Ionic liquids
1.2.2. Molten salts
1.3. Ionic Liquids Properties
1.3.1. Melting point
1.3.2. Vapor pressure
1.3.3. Thermal stability and non-flammability
1.3.4. Structural designability
1.3.5. Electrical conductivity
1.3.6. Viscosity
1.3.7. Liquid state over a wide temperature range
1.3.8. Magnetic property
1.3.9. Solvation potential
1.4. Summary
1.5. References
Chapter 2: Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Structure and Characteristics of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
2.2.1. General consideration
2.2.2. Head group effects
2.2.3. Alkyl chain effects
2.2.4. Counter anion effects
2.2.5. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
2.3. Classification of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
2.3.1. Single-chain ILBSs
2.3.2. Multicationic ILBSs
2.3.3. Zwitterionic ILBSs
2.3.4. Catanionic ILBSs
2.3.5. Novel ILBSs
2.4. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants and Green Chemistry
2.4.1. Toxicity
2.4.2. Biodegradability
2.5. Summary
2.6. References
Section II: Interfacial Phenomena
Chapter 3: Interface Properties AND Interfacial Tension Reduction
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Interfacial Tension Concepts
3.3. Methods of Determining Interfacial Tension
3.4. Role of Surfactant in Interfacial Tension Reduction
3.4.1. Dynamic interfacial tension
3.4.2. Adsorption models for surfactants at liquid interfaces
3.5. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants and Interfacial Tension Reduction
3.6. Impact of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants Structure on Interfacial Tension
3.6.1. Head group effects
3.6.2. Alkyl chain effects
3.6.3. Counter anion effects
3.6.4. Spacer effects
3.7. Comparing Effectiveness of Different Types of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
3.7.1. Single-chain type ILBSs
3.7.2. Multicationic type ILBSs
3.7.3. Zwitterionic type ILBSs
3.7.4. Catanionic type ILBSs
3.8. Summary
3.9. References
Chapter 4: Micelle Formation
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Micelle and Critical Micelle Concentration Concepts
4.3. Micellar Structures
4.3.1. Structures and classification of micelles
4.3.2. Liquid crystals
4.3.3. Factors affecting micellar structures and packing parameter
4.3.4. Micellar aggregation number
4.4. Methods of Determining Critical Micelle Concentration
4.5. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants and Critical Micelle Concentration
4.6. Impact of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants Structure on Critical Micelle Concentration
4.6.1. Head group effects
4.6.2. Alkyl chain effects
4.6.3. Counter anion effects
4.6.4. Spacer effects
4.7. Comparing Effectiveness of Different Types of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
4.7.1. Single-chain type ILBSs
4.7.2. Multicationic type ILBSs
4.7.3. Zwitterionic type ILBSs
4.7.4. Catanionic type ILBSs
4.8. Summary
4.9. References
Chapter 5: Emulsification
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Emulsification Concepts
5.3. Types of Emulsions
5.3.1. Classification based on the dispersed phase
5.3.2. Classification based on the size of the dispersed droplets
5.3.3. Classification based on the nature of emulsifier
5.3.4. Classification based on the Winsor types
5.4. Emulsion Stability
5.4.1. The DLVO theory and emulsion index
5.4.2. Destabilizing factors of emulsions
5.4.3. Stabilizing factors of emulsions
5.5. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants and Emulsification
5.6. Impact of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants Structure on Emulsification
5.6.1. Head group effects
5.6.2. Alkyl chain effects
5.6.3. Counter anion effects
5.7. Comparing Effectiveness of Different Types of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
5.7.1. Single-chain type ILBSs
5.7.2. Multicationic type ILBSs
5.7.3. Zwitterionic type ILBSs
5.7.4. Catanionic type ILBSs
5.8. The Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
5.9. Summary
5.10. References
Chapter 6: Wettability Modifications
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Wetting and Wettability Concepts
6.2.1. Wetting and types
6.2.2. Wettability and its modification
6.3. Methods of Determining the Wettability
6.3.1. Surface and interfacial tension measurements
6.3.2. Contact angle measurements
6.3.3. Adsorption and spreading measurements
6.3.4. Wetting balance measurements
6.3.5. Imbibition measurements
6.4. Role of Surfactant in Wetting Modifications
6.4.1. Mechanism of surfactants adsorption at the solid surface
6.4.2. Wettability changes with surfactants
6.5. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants and Wettability Modification
6.6. Impact of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants Structure on Wettability Modification
6.6.1. Head group effects
6.6.2. Alkyl chain effects
6.6.3. Counter anion effects
6.7. Comparing Effectiveness of Different Types of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
6.7.1. Single-chain type ILBSs
6.7.2. Multicationic type ILBSs
6.7.3. Zwitterionic type ILBSs
6.7.4. Catanionic type ILBSs
6.8. Summary
6.9. References
Section III: Applications
Chapter 7: Particle Dispersions
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Particle Dispersion Concepts
7.3. Mechanisms of Stabilizing Dispersions
7.3.1. Electrostatic stabilization
7.3.2. Steric stabilization
7.3.3. Electrosteric stabilization
7.4. Role of Surfactants in Dispersion of Particles
7.4.1. Wetting of powder
7.4.2. De-aggregating of particle clusters
7.4.3. Preventing re-aggregation of dispersed particles
7.5. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants and Particle Dispersion
7.6. Impact of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants Structure on Particle Dispersion
7.6.1. Head group effects
7.6.2. Alkyl chain effects
7.6.3. Counter anion effects
7.7. Comparing Effectiveness of Different Types of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
7.7.1. Single-chain type ILBSs
7.7.2. Multicationic type ILBSs
7.7.3. Zwitterionic type ILBSs
7.7.4. Catanionic type ILBSs
7.8. Summary
7.9. References
Chapter 8: Extraction Processes
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Extraction Process Concepts
8.3. Mechanisms of Extraction Processes
8.3.1. Liquid-liquid extraction
8.3.2. Solid-liquid extraction
8.3.3. Solid-phase extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction
8.4. Role of Surfactant in Extraction Processes
8.4.1. Impact on the liquid-liquid extraction
8.4.2. Impact on the solid-liquid extraction
8.4.3. Impact on the solid-phase extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction
8.4.4. Impact on separation of extracted substance from the solvent
8.5. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants and Extraction Processes
8.6. Impact of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants Structure on Extraction Processes
8.6.1. Head group effects
8.6.2. Alkyl chain effects
8.6.3. Counter anion effects
8.7. Comparing Effectiveness of Different Types of Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants
8.7.1. Single-chain type ILBSs
8.7.2. Multicationic type ILBSs
8.7.3. Zwitterionic type ILBSs
8.7.4. Catanionic type ILBSs
8.8. Summary
8.9. References
Chapter 9: Enhanced Oil Recovery
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Enhanced Oil Recovery Concepts
9.2.1. Primary crude oil recovery
9.2.2. Secondary crude oil recovery
9.2.3. Tertiary crude oil recovery
9.3. Role of Surfactant in Enhanced Oil Recovery
9.4. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants and Enhanced Oil Recovery
9.5. Enhanced Oil Recovery with Surfactant Flooding
9.5.1. Mechanism of surfactant flooding
9.5.2. Impact of ILBSs structure on surfactants flooding
9.5.3. Comparing effectiveness of different types of ILBSs
9.6. Enhanced Oil Recovery with Micellar Flooding
9.6.1. Mechanism of micellar flooding
9.6.2. Impact of ILBSs structure on micellar flooding
9.6.3. Comparing effectiveness of different types of ILBSs
9.7. Enhanced Oil Recovery with Wettability Alteration
9.7.1. Mechanism of wettability Alteration
9.7.2. Impact of ILBSs structure on wettability alteration
9.7.3. Comparing effectiveness of different types of ILBSs
9.8. Summary
9.9. References
Index I: Abbreviations
Index II: Name of ILBSs and Surfactants

Index III: Subject Index